What’s A Tremor

Tremor is an involuntary, rhythmic muscle contraction leading to shaking movements in one or more parts of the body. It is a common movement disorder that most often affects the hands but can also occur in the arms, head, vocal cords, torso, and legs. Tremor may be intermittent (occurring at separate times, with breaks) or constant. It can occur sporadically (on its own) or happen as a result of another disorder.

Tremor is most common among middle-aged and older adults, although it can occur at any age. The disorder generally affects men and women equally.

Tremor is not life threatening. However, it can be embarrassing and even disabling, making it difficult or even impossible to perform work and daily life tasks.

WHAT CAUSES TREMOR?

Generally, tremor is caused by a problem in the deep parts of the brain that control movements. Most types of tremor have no known cause, although there are some forms that appear to be inherited and run in families.

Tremor can occur on its own or be a symptom associated with a number of neurological disorders, including:

• multiple sclerosis

• stroke

• traumatic brain injury

• neurodegenerative diseases that affect parts of the brain (e.g., Parkinson's disease).

Some other known causes can include:

• the use of certain medicines (particular asthma medication, amphetamines, caffeine, corticosteroids, and drugs used for certain psychiatric and neurological disorders)

• alcohol abuse or withdrawal

• mercury poisoning

• overactive thyroid

• liver or kidney failure

• anxiety or panic.

HOW IS TREMOR CLASSIFIED

Tremor can be classified into two main categories:

Resting tremor occurs when the muscle is relaxed, such as when the hands are resting on the lap. With this disorder, a person’s hands, arms, or legs may shake even when they are at rest. Often, the tremor only affects the hand or fingers. This type of tremor is often seen in people with Parkinson’s disease and is called a “pillrolling” tremor because the circular finger and hand movements resemble rolling of small objects or pills in the hand.

Action tremor occurs with the voluntary movement of a muscle. Most types of tremor are considered action tremor. There are several sub-classifications of action tremor, many of which overlap.

• Postural tremor occurs when a person maintains a position against gravity, such as holding the arms outstretched.

• Kinetic tremor is associated with any voluntary movement, such as moving the wrists up and down or closing and opening the eyes.

• Intention tremor is produced with purposeful movement toward a target, such as lifting a finger to touch the nose. Typically the tremor will become worse as an individual gets closer to their target.

• Task-specific tremor only appears when performing highly-skilled, goal-oriented tasks such as handwriting or speaking.

• Isometric tremor occurs during a voluntary muscle contraction that is not accompanied by any movement such as holding a heavy book or a dumbbell in the same position.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF TREMOR?

Tremor is most commonly classified by its appearance and cause or origin. There are more than 20 types of tremor. Some of the most common forms of tremor include:

Essential tremor

Essential tremor (previously also called benign essential tremor or familial tremor) is one of the most common movement disorders. The exact cause of essential tremor is unknown. For some people this tremor is mild and remains stable for many years. The tremor usually appears on both sides of the body, but is often noticed more in the dominant hand because it is an action tremor.

The key feature of essential tremor is a tremor in both hands and arms, which is present during action and when standing still. Additional symptoms may include head tremor (e.g., a “yes” or “no” motion) without abnormal posturing of the head and a shaking or quivering sound to the voice if the tremor affects the voice box. The action tremor in both hands in essential tremor can lead to problems with writing, drawing, drinking from a cup, or using tools or a computer.

Tremor frequency (how “fast” the tremor shakes) may decrease as the person ages, but the severity may increase, affecting the person’s ability to perform certain tasks or activities of daily living. Heightened emotion, stress, fever, physical exhaustion, or low blood sugar may trigger tremor and/or increase its severity. Though the tremor can start at any age, it most often appears for the first time during adolescence or in middle age (between ages 40 and 50). Small amounts of alcohol may help decrease essential tremor, but the mechanism behind this is unknown.

About 50 percent of the cases of essential tremor are thought to be caused by a genetic risk factor (referred to as familial tremor). Children of a parent who has familial tremor have greater risk of inheriting the condition. Familial forms of essential tremor often appear early in life.

For many years essential tremor was not associated with any known disease. However, some scientists think essential tremor is accompanied by a mild degeneration of certain areas of the brain that control movement. This is an ongoing debate in the research field.

Dystonic tremor

Dystonic tremor occurs in people who are affected by dystonia—a movement disorder where incorrect messages from the brain cause muscles to be overactive, resulting in abnormal postures or sustained, unwanted movements. Dystonic tremor usually appears in young or middle-aged adults and can affect any muscle in the body. Symptoms may sometimes be relieved by complete relaxation.

Although some of the symptoms are similar, dystonic tremor differs from essential tremor in some ways. The dystonic tremor:

• is associated with abnormal body postures due to forceful muscle spasms or cramps

• can affect the same parts of the body as essential tremor, but also—and more often than essential tremor—the head, without any other movement in the hands or arms

• can also mimic resting tremor, such as the one seen in Parkinson’s disease.

• Also, the severity of dystonic tremor may be reduced by touching the affected body part or muscle, and tremor movements are “jerky” or irregular instead of rhythmic.

Cerebellar tremor

Cerebellar tremor is typically a slow, high-amplitude (easily visible) tremor of the extremities (e.g., arm, leg) that occurs at the end of a purposeful movement such as trying to press a button. It is caused by damage to the cerebellum and its pathways to other brain regions resulting from a stroke or tumor. Damage also may be caused by disease such as multiple sclerosis or an inherited degenerative disorder such as ataxia (in which people lose muscle control in the arms and legs) and Fragile X syndrome (a disorder marked by a range of intellectual and developmental problems). It can also result from chronic damage to the cerebellum due to alcoholism.

Psychogenic tremor

Psychogenic tremor (also called functional tremor) can appear as any form of tremor. It symptoms may vary but often start abruptly and may affect all body parts. The tremor increases in times of stress and decreases or disappears when distracted. Many individuals with psychogenic tremor have an underlying psychiatric disorder such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Physiologic tremor

Physiologic tremor occurs in all healthy individuals. It is rarely visible to the eye and typically involves a fine shaking of both of the hands and also the fingers. It is not considered a disease but is a normal human phenomenon that is the result of physical properties in the body (for example, rhythmical activities such as heart beat and muscle activation).

Enhanced physiologic tremor

Enhanced physiological tremor is a more noticeable case of physiologic tremor that can be easily seen. It is generally not caused by a neurological disease but by reaction to certain drugs, alcohol withdrawal, or medical conditions including an overactive thyroid and hypoglycemia. It is usually reversible once the cause is corrected.

Parkinsonian tremor

Parkinsonian tremor is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease, although not all people with Parkinson’s disease have tremor. Generally, symptoms include shaking in one or both hands at rest. It may also affect the chin, lips, face, and legs. The tremor may initially appear in only one limb or on just one side of the body. As the disease progresses, it may spread to both sides of the body. The tremor is often made worse by stress or strong emotions. More than 25 percent of people with Parkinson’s disease also have an associated action tremor.

Orthostatic tremor

Orthostatic tremor is a rare disorder characterized by rapid muscle contractions in the legs that occur when standing. People typically experience feelings of unsteadiness or imbalance, causing them to immediately attempt to sit or walk. Because the tremor has such a high frequency (very fast shaking) it may not visible to the naked eye but can be felt by touching the thighs or calves or can be detected by a doctor examining the muscles with a stethoscope. In some cases the tremor can become more severe over time. The cause of orthostatic tremor is unknown.

HOW IS TREMOR DIAGNOSED

Tremor is diagnosed based on a physical and neurological examination and an individual’s medical history. During the physical evaluation, a doctor will assess the tremor based on:

• whether the tremor occurs when the muscles are at rest or in action

• the location of the tremor on the body (and if it occurs on one or both sides of
  the body)

• the appearance of the tremor (tremor frequency and amplitude).

The doctor will also check other neurological findings such as impaired balance, speech abnormalities, or increased muscle stiffness. Blood or urine tests can rule out metabolic causes such as thyroid malfunction and certain medications that can cause tremor. These tests may also help to identify contributing causes such as drug interactions, chronic alcoholism, or other conditions or diseases. Diagnostic imaging may help determine if the tremor is the result of damage in the brain.

Additional tests may be administered to determine functional limitations such as difficulty with handwriting or the ability to hold a fork or cup. Individuals may be asked to perform a series of tasks or exercises such as placing a finger on the tip of their nose or drawing a spiral.

The doctor may order an electromyogram to diagnose muscle or nerve problems. This test measures involuntary muscle activity and muscle response to nerve stimulation.

HOW IS TREMOR TREATED?

Although there is no cure for most forms of tremor, treatment options are available to help manage symptoms. In some cases, a person’s symptoms may be mild enough that they do not require treatment.

Finding an appropriate treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis of the cause. Tremor caused by underlying health problems can sometimes be improved or eliminated entirely with treatment. For example, tremor due to thyroid hyperactivity will improve or even resolve (return to the normal state) with treatment of thyroid malfunction. Also, if tremor is caused by medication, discontinuing the tremor-causing drug may reduce or eliminate this tremor.

If there is no underlying cause for tremor that can be modified, available treatment options include:

MEDICATION

Beta-blocking drugs such as propranolol are normally used to treat high blood pressure but they also help treat essential tremor. Propranolol can also be used in some people with other types of action tremor. Other beta-blockers that may be used include atenolol, metoprolol, nadolol, and sotalol.

Anti-seizure medications such as primidone can be effective in people with essential tremor who do not respond to beta-blockers. Other medications that may be prescribed include gabapentin and topiramate. However, it is important to note that some anti-seizure medications can cause tremor.

Tranquilizers (also known as benzodiazepines) such as alprazolam and clonazepam may temporarily help some people with tremor. However, their use is limited due to unwanted side effects that include sleepiness, poor concentration, and poor coordination. This can affect the ability of people to perform daily activities such as driving, school, and work. Also, when taken regularly, tranquilizers can cause physical dependence and when stopped abruptly can cause several withdrawal symptoms.

Parkinson’s disease medications (levodopa, carbidopa) are used to treat tremor associated with Parkinson's disease.

Botulinum toxin injections can treat almost all types of tremor. It is especially useful for head tremor, which generally does not respond to medications. Botulinum toxin is widely used to control dystonic tremor. Although botulinum toxin injections can improve tremor for roughly three months at a time, they can also cause muscle weakness. While this treatment is effective and usually well tolerated for head tremor, botulinum toxin treatment in the hands can cause weakness in the fingers. It can cause a hoarse voice and difficulty swallowing when used to treat voice tremor.

FOCUSED ULTRASOUND

A new treatment for essential tremor uses magnetic resonance images to deliver focused ultrasound to create a lesion in tiny areas of the brain’s thalamus thought to be responsible for causing the tremors. The treatment is approved only for those individuals with essential tremor who do not respond well to anticonvulsant or beta-blocking drugs.

Surgery

When people do not respond to drug therapies or have a severe tremor that significantly impacts their daily life, a doctor may recommend surgical interventions such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) or very rarely, thalamotomy. While DBS is usually well tolerated, the most common side effects of tremor surgery include dysarthria (trouble speaking) and
balance problems.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the most common form of surgical treatment of tremor. This method is preferred because it is effective, has low risk, and treats a broader range of symptoms than thalamotomy. The treatment uses surgically implanted electrodes to send high-frequency electrical signals to the thalamus, the deep structure of the brain that coordinates and controls some involuntary movements. A small pulse generating device placed under the skin in the upper chest (similar to a pacemaker) sends electrical stimuli to the brain and temporarily disables the tremor. DBS is currently used to treat parkinsonian tremor, essential tremor, and dystonia.

Thalamotomy is a surgical procedure that involves the precise, permanent destruction of a tiny area in the thalamus. Currently, surgery is replaced by radiofrequency ablation to treat severe tremor when deep brain surgery is contraindicated—meaning it is unwise as a treatment option or has undesirable side effects. Radiofrequency ablation uses a radio wave to generate an electric current that heats up a nerve and disrupts its signaling ability for typically six or more months. It is usually performed on only one side of the brain to improve tremor on the opposite side of the body. Surgery on both sides is not recommended as it can cause problems with speech.

LIFESTYLE CHANGES

Physical therapy may help to control tremor. A physical therapist can help people improve their muscle control, functioning, and strength through coordination, balancing, and other exercises. Some therapists recommend the use of weights, splints, other adaptive equipment, and special plates and utensils for eating.

Eliminating or reducing tremor-inducing substances such as caffeine and other medication (such as stimulants) can help improve tremor. Though small amounts of alcohol can improve tremor for some people, tremor can become worse once the effects of the alcohol wear off.

What is the prognosis?

Tremor is not considered a life-threating condition. Although many cases of tremor are mild, tremor can be very disabling for other people. It can be difficult for individuals with tremor to perform normal daily activities such as working, bathing, dressing, and eating. Tremor can also cause “social disability.” People may limit their physical activity, travel, and social engagements to avoid embarrassment or other consequences.

The symptoms of essential tremor usually worsen with age. Additionally, there is some evidence that people with essential tremor are more likely than average to develop other neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease, especially in individuals whose tremor first appears after age 65.

Unlike essential tremor, the symptoms of physiologic and drug-induced tremor do not generally worsen over time and can often be improved or eliminated once the underlying causes are treated.

WHAT RESEARCH IS BEING DONE?

The mission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is to seek fundamental knowledge about the brain and nervous system and to use that knowledge to reduce the burden of neurological disease. The NINDS is a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the leading supporter of biomedical research in the world.

Researchers are working to better understand the underlying brain functions that cause tremor, identify the genetic factors that make individuals more susceptible to the disorder, and develop new and better treatment options.

Brain Functioning

It can be difficult to distinguish between movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. These debilitating movement disorders have different prognoses and can respond very differently to available therapies. NINDS researchers are working to identify structural and functional changes in the brain using non-invasive neuroimaging techniques to develop sensitive and specific markers for each of these diseases and then track how they change as each disease progresses.

Other researchers are using functional magnetic resonance imaging technology to better understand normal and diseased brain circuit functions and associated motor behaviors. Scientists hope to design therapies that can restore normal brain circuit function in diseases such as Parkinson's disease and tremor.

Genetics

Research has shown that essential tremor may have a strong genetic component affecting multiple generations of families. NINDS researchers are building on previous genetics work to identify susceptibility genes for familial early-onset (before age 40) essential tremor. Researchers are focusing on multigenerational, early onset families to better detect linkages.

Additionally, NINDS scientists are researching the impact of genetic abnormalities on the development of essential tremor. Previous research that has shown a link between essential tremor and possible genetic variants on chromosome 6 and 11; ongoing research is targeting the impact of other genetic variations in families.

Medications and other treatment methods

While drugs can be effective for some people, approximately 50 percent of individuals do not respond to medication. In order to develop assistive and rehabilitative tremor-suppressing devices for people with essential tremor, researchers are exploring where and how to minimize or suppress tremor while still allowing for voluntary movements.

Many people with essential tremor respond to ethanol (alcohol); however, it is not clear why or how. NINDS researchers are studying the impact of ethanol on tremor to determine the correct dosage amount and its physiological impact on the brain and whether other medications without the side effects of ethanol can be effective.

Other NIH researchers hope to identify the source of essential tremor, study the effects of currently available tremor-suppressant drugs on the brain, and develop more targeted and effective therapies.

Aroga Home Care Services is your go to 5-star rated private duty skilled caregiver agency in the greater Charlotte area. Contact us today and request a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: Today’s Caregiver

Strategies for Special Holidays

The holidays can be a time of renewal - renewal of friendships through visits and cards, renewal of family relationships through gatherings and shared meals, and renewal of one’s faith. But the holidays also are a time that can be particularly challenging for a caregiver. It is a time during which the changes in one’s life are highlighted and there are additional demands placed upon an already stressed life.

The holidays are always a whirlwind and this is especially true for caregivers. During the holidays it is important for caregivers to seek a balance - between caring for someone else and caring for oneself; between celebrating good memories of past holidays while not dwelling on what might have been lost.

Here are ideas to keep in mind for both the caregiver and the care receiver as the holiday season arrives:

 Ideas for the Caregiver

1. Don’t try to do it all. In the past you may have prepared Christmas dinner for 20 and created hand-made gifts for all of your relatives. Ask other members of the family to carry on specific family traditions. Dividing the responsibility will help you manage your stress level.

2. Don’t attempt to travel long distances by car if your loved one is not used to it and tires easily. You will both be exhausted by the time you reach your destination, and you will have a difficult time enjoying yourself.

3.  Ask family or friends to provide respite care. Make time to enjoy holiday decorations or window shopping. Just a few hours of time by yourself or with a friend can be renewing and help combat a sense of isolation.

4. Avoid comparisons with past holidays. It is often emotionally draining to look upon change as loss. “Life is change” can be a helpful concept to hold onto.

5. Create new traditions that can be carried on year to year, rather than dwelling on old traditions that your loved one can no longer participate in.

Ideas for Your Loved One

1. Find a way to have your loved one participate in the holidays, whether its making decorations or counting the days on an Advent calendar

2. Decorate your loved one’s room or living area for the holidays. Incorporate symbols and decorations that are meaningful.

3. Stimulate all of your loved one’s senses with the sounds, sights, smells and tastes of the holidays. Ideas include holiday music and decorations, a favorite dessert and familiar scents.

4. Familiar holiday foods are a nice way to evoke positive memories.

5. If your loved one is in a care facility, extend traditions to other people in the facility. For example, pass out holiday cards or make a traditional dessert to share.

Aroga Home Care Services is your go to 5-star rated private duty skilled caregiver agency in the greater Charlotte area. Contact us today and request a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: Today’s Caregiver

Coping With Cognitive Impairment

Caring for an individual with memory problems can be difficult and stressful. Even more stressful, however, is realizing a loved one—or yourself—may be beginning to show the signs of memory issues or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This can lead to both worry and denial, since MCI is considered a very early stage of dementia. It’s important to note that a person who has developed MCI won’t necessarily develop dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, though those who do develop MCI are at a much higher risk for
further impairment.

What is mild cognitive impairment? It’s often classified a change in cognition, essentially the way a person thinks. Cognition includes memory and the ability to understand and comprehend one’s environment. Unfortunately, while it can be an ambiguous condition and there isn’t consistent way to diagnose MCI, there are several recognizable symptoms to look for. These symptoms can include:

• Confusion

• Depression

• Difficulty forming short-term memories

• Difficulty communicating complete thoughts

• Easily distracted

• Forgetfulness

• Inability to concentrate

• Mental fog

HOW TO DIAGNOSE MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

Because MCI is a more ambiguous condition, diagnosing it can be a challenge for doctors and health care providers and oftentimes won’t receive the proper response. Since much of the MCI diagnosis process is based around observation, it can take an extended period of time to come to a firm conclusion. Blood testing can be done, as well as neurological tests and brain imaging. Blood tests can determine vitamin B-12 deficiency and hypothyroidism, both which can produce symptoms of MCI. If these conditions are discovered, treatment can improve symptoms; and if symptoms improve, then the individual isn’t likely to be afflicted with MCI.

CARING FOR A LOVED ONE

So, if you’re in the position of caring for someone who is diagnosed with MCI, what can
you do?

Educate yourself. If you’re providing care for a person or loved one with MCI, the better informed you are about the condition, the better you’ll be able to provide positive care. It can be as simple as knowing and understanding the signs of MCI or preparing for the possibility of caring for a person with a worsening condition.

Monitor and assess. Observe the individual and look for signs of improvement, stability, or decline. Being aware of their current state of mind will determine how you can care for them. If they improve, your role may eventually be reduced. If their condition declines, the quicker you will be able to respond, which will result in the greater likelihood the patient will be able to receive proper treatment.

Create a positive environment. Make sure the person has plenty to do. An active mind is a healthy mind and keeping their mind and body active is often the best thing a caregiver can do. This can include reading a book or playing games (both video and board), visiting a museum, as well as going for a walk or hike. Additionally, having patience will contribute to a more positive environment and reduced stress.

Diet and exercise. A change in diet can help to ease and reduce the signs of MCI. Include more fruits and vegetables, while decreasing the high fat and high sugar foods. Increase the person’s intake of omega-3 fatty acid supplements and vitamin B (particularly if a change in diet rich in these nutrients is not enough). Coupled with a healthy diet, regular exercise has been shown to have a very positive impact on the brain and cognitive function. Ensure that the person participates in physical activity, such as gardening, swimming, or walking, on a daily basis.

Aroga Home Care Services is your go to 5-star rated private duty skilled caregiver agency in the greater Charlotte area. Contact us today and request a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: Today’s Caregiver

Dementia & Incontinence

Urinary incontinence, or unintentional urination, is common in people who have dementia. It can range from mild leaking to unintentional urination. Less commonly, it also refers to unintentional bowel movements, or fecal incontinence. This includes the occasional leakage of stool before a bowel movement or a total loss of bowel control.

Incontinence is a symptom that develops in the later stages of dementia. About 60 to 70 percent of people with Alzheimer’s develop incontinence. But it’s not a defining trait. Not all people who have dementia have or will develop incontinence.

As a caregiver, knowing more about this condition can help. Learn why this happens, tips on managing incontinence and dementia, and what you can do.

What causes incontinence in people with dementia

In the later stages of dementia, a person’s ability to react quickly and remember things is reduced. They may no longer recognize when they experience the urge to urinate or have a bowel movement. Reasons for incontinence in someone with dementia include:

• not recognizing the bathroom

• communication issues

• being unable to get to the bathroom in time

• mobility loss

In some cases, accidents can lead to feelings of embarrassment, and possibly depression.

Medical causes

Incontinence is also common in people without dementia. About 25 million Americans experience incontinence. It also affects about 23 percent of women over 60 years old. Medical causes of incontinence in older adults include:

• enlarged prostate

• constipation

• neurological complications, often caused by a stroke

• diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and prostate cancer

• side effects of medications that relax muscles of the bladder and reduce awareness, such as sleeping pills and tranquilizers

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is also common in people with dementia. Watch for signs of UTI, including:

• burning or painful urination

• cloudy or blood-tinged urine

• constant urge to urinate

• pain in the pelvis or back

• fever, nausea, vomiting

• mental status changes or abrupt worsening of confusion, including significant changes in behavior

UTIs can worsen without proper treatment.

What increases the risk for incontinence

Certain factors can also increase a person’s risk for incontinence. These factors include:

• being overweight, as weight puts pressure on the bladder

• age, as older adults tend to have weaker bladder muscles

• pregnancy and childbirth, which can affect the pelvic floor and bladder muscles

• menopause, as hormones affect the bladder

• enlarged prostate or prostate surgery

• certain medications

• trauma that affects the nerves

Tips for caregivers: Management

Medications are available to calm an overactive bladder, if overactive bladder is the cause of the incontinence. But some have side effects that can make dementia worse. Talk with the doctor about options that apply to the person you’re caring for. In some cases, where incontinence is caused by an underlying medical condition, treating the condition may help.

If necessary, ask your health care provider for a referral to an occupational therapist. An occupational therapist can help you brainstorm other fall prevention strategies. Some solutions are easily installed and relatively inexpensive. Others may require professional help or a larger investment. If you’re concerned about the cost, remember that an investment in fall prevention is an investment in your independence.

How to maintain bladder health

When managing someone’s diet:

Make sure they

• avoid carbonation or caffeine

• limit liquids before bed

• avoid spicy or acidic foods, which irritate the urinary tract

• eat plenty of fiber to avoid constipation

• exercise regularly

Fluid intake is also important, as it keeps the bladder and bowel healthy. Space out roughly six to eight glasses each day. Fiber-rich foods like bran, fruit, and vegetables can help with constipation.

Pads and pull-up pants

If the person you’re caring for needs to wear absorbent products such as pads, adult underwear, or liners, you may also need to wash their skin. Regular exposure to moisture can cause a number of skin problems, such as inflammation, and fungal and yeast infections.

Keep skin clean by washing it gently with a pH-balanced perineal cleanser, and then patting it dry. Creams and powders can be useful in protecting skin from moisture overexposure.

Tips for caregivers: Reducing accidents

Incontinence often happens due to timing. It may help to recognize potential signs that a person needs to go, such as straining, turning red in the face, and tugging at their clothing. If you help them get dressed, use clothing that’s easy to remove such as pants with elastic waistbands instead of buttons and belts.

One successful technique is prompted voiding. This is a type of bladder retraining that helps people to maintain a regular bathroom schedule. For example, every two hours, ask if they’ve had an accident, have the person use the toilet, and praise successes.

At home

The goal to reduce accidents at home is to help the person you’re caring for identify and use the toilet with ease. Here are some things you can do to achieve this goal:

• Remove obstacles from paths taken most often to the toilet.

• Leave the bathroom door open at all times or put a sign in front of the door. Avoid locking the door.

• Make sure the toilet is at a good height and that lighting is good. Install grab bars next to the toilet, if possible.

• Wait until they are next to the toilet to help remove their clothing.

At night, you can place a portable toilet chair near their bed. Installing motion sensor lights may also help avoid accidents. If they can’t get to the bathroom without help, consider getting a bed pad or a waterproof mattress protector.

Outside or in public

When going out, plan in advance. Time your travel stops around bathrooms, and be prepared for accidents by bringing a pad and extra clothes.

After accidents

Everyone reacts differently to incontinence. Some may find it upsetting, while others recognize it as part of their condition. The best way to approach the situation is with understanding and genuine interest for improvement.

If an accident occurs, try to:

• be respectful of privacy

• speak or address the issue in a calm manner

• avoid scolding, or looking upset or frustrated

Wash your hands thoroughly in warm water before and after helping with toileting or changing adult undergarments or pads.

Information you can give the doctor

A doctor can help identify the underlying cause of incontinence for treatment. A doctor can help write up a treatment plan to help cure or manage this condition. Bring notes to the appointment to help the doctor identify the underlying cause. Here are some things you may want to take note of:

• how long the person has been experiencing incontinence symptoms

• if the person has had episodes of incontinence in the past

• whether they’re experiencing urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, or both

• whether it’s a trickle or a flood

• if incontinence is more pronounced at certain times of the day or night

• physical or mental barriers you’ve observed

• typical diet and how much fluid is consumed

You can also reach out to other health professionals for support. A nurse can provide advice on hygiene and management. A physical therapist can tell you more about equipment and adaptions. Talk to the doctor for recommendations.

The outlook for this condition

Caregiving is both rewarding and challenging. Many people find managing incontinence one of the more difficult aspects of care. But it’s important to know that you can help someone manage this condition. Techniques like prompted voiding can help reduce or even eliminate incontinence in people with dementia. It may even be cured if it’s caused by an underlying health condition.

As a caregiver, it’s also important to get counsel from the healthcare team and support from family and friends. Share with others what’s going on in your life and get connected with other caregivers. They may be able to share their experience and provide solutions to similar situations. Online resources for caregiving include Family Caregiver Alliance and Alzheimer’s Foundation of America.

Aroga Home Care Services is your go to 5-star rated private duty skilled caregiver agency in the greater Charlotte area. Contact us today and request a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: Healthline

The Surprising Link Between Bedtime and Dementia

• Alzheimer’s disease, a common form of dementia, is one of the top ten leading causes of death in the US.

• New research indicates that time spent in bed and bedtime may impact dementia risk.

• Those aged 60-74 were most affected.

• Previous research also highlighted the role of sleep quality in memory and dementia.

Sleep can influence physical and mental health and is linked to conditions from heart disease and stroke to depression and obesity.

And a new study published September 21 in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society has provided further insights into sleep’s role in dementia.

Researchers in China, Sweden, and the UK looked at sleep data of 1,982 Chinese individuals with an average age of 70 — none of whom presented with symptoms of dementia at the start of the study.

An average of 3.7 years later, 97 participants (5%) had been diagnosed with dementia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria.

Those primarily impacted were aged between 60 and 74. Men were also at higher risk, which contradicts what many other dementia researchers have previously found.

“In most studies, women are known to have a two-fold greater risk of dementia than men. It is unusual that this study found the opposite,” shared Dr. Alex Dimitriu, double board-certified in psychiatry and sleep medicine and founder of Menlo Park Psychiatry & Sleep Medicine and BrainfoodMD.

The research revealed that timing is critical

The study found that longer time spent in bed (TIB) was associated with significantly increased dementia risk. Those in bed for more than 8 hours were far more likely to show a cognitive decline during a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) — a test used to measure cognitive impairment.

So why might older people need to spend more time in bed?

“As we get older, we see a fragmentation of the sleep states,” Dr. Michael Breus, a sleep specialist and clinical psychologist, told Healthline. This means “that we don’t seem to get the same type of physically restoring sleep (stages 3/4) as we did when we were younger.”

As such, “it’s possible that people with poorer quality sleep may require more sleep time to compensate,” added Dimitriu.

Other factors can play a role, too, explained Dr. Carl W. Bazil, PhD, Caitlin Tynan Doyle professor of neurology at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.

Depression (for which older adults are at greater risk) can make sleeping difficult, he explained. “But there are also many other medical conditions (such as heart disease or diabetes) and the medications taken for them that can increase tiredness and sleep requirements.”

The time individuals went to bed was also highlighted by researchers as a critical contributing factor. Early-mid evening hours were deemed riskiest. The research paper stated that “every 1 hour advance in bedtime [before 10 pm] was associated with a 25% increased risk of dementia.”

The study authors hypothesized that earlier bedtimes could be driven by disrupted circadian rhythm.

“Parts of the brain responsible for managing sleep start to change as we age. This impacts our circadian rhythm cycles,” said Dr. David Rabin, PhD, a neuroscientist, board-certified psychiatrist, and co-founder of Apollo Neuro, a wearable device for stress relief.

Age-related factors, such as having to use the bathroom more frequently during the night, also “impact us getting good quality and deep sleep,” continued Rabin. Accumulative sleep deprivation “results in a change in brain structures that regulate circadian cycles.”

Other influences might also be at play, stated Dimitriu.

“It is possible that people with early stages of dementia experience earlier brain fatigue in the day, leading them to want to sleep earlier,” he said. “‘Sundowning’ is a well-known effect in older people prone to dementia, where they can become confused and disoriented in the evenings.”

Study limitations to consider

One of the main drawbacks to the research is that TIB doesn’t necessarily reflect the time spent asleep. Sleep duration has been noted by scientists as a crucial factor in cognitive health and dementia risk.

Breus stated that longer TIB could indicate an underlying sleep-related issue, such as insomnia, which “could be affecting this situation and making it worse.”

A recent Canadian study also highlighted that those with insomnia were at higher risk of memory loss.

Furthermore, TIB doesn’t consider the quality of a person’s sleep — also regarded as important in cognition and dementia. For instance, not getting enough deep sleep can greatly impact memory (more on this later).

There’s one final consideration to bear in mind.

“This study, as well as many others like it, are association studies and, as such, do not show cause and effect,” explained Bazil.

“So it is never clear whether the observed association (in this case, short or long times in bed or sleep onset time) actually causes dementia, or is indirectly related to it,” he added.

How sleep impacts memory

A key signal of dementia is memory loss. However, in all stages of life, “we know that quality sleep is required for many, if not all kinds of memory,” Bazil explained.

So what happens when you’re in a state of slumber? With regard to memory, two main actions occur.

The first is the processing and ‘storing’ of memories.

“Short-term memory is initially stored in the hippocampus when it comes into the brain, which is the area where information is stored for short-term recollection and use,” explained Rabin.

“When we sleep, information from the hippocampus gets passed into the higher cortical structures of the brain that allow it to become long-term memory and integrate with past memories,” he continued.

Rabin revealed this process is called memory reconsolidation — and is particularly impacted by poor quality REM sleep or shorter sleep duration.

Second, sleep is when our brains clear out harmful toxins that, over time, can impact memory.

“When the brain is active during the day, it produces a lot of what we call ‘reactive oxygen species’ or inflammatory waste products,” stated Rabin. “When the brain is asleep and able to recover, especially in deep and REM sleep states, [it] detoxifies and removes inflammatory waste products.”

A build-up of toxins ultimately puts extra stress on the brain and prevents it from achieving memory reconsolidation.

“In summary, sleep quality, as much as sleep quantity, may be important,” said Dimitriu.

What dementia involves

This study monitored dementia onset in older individuals — the time of life when its symptoms are most likely to arise.

“Dementias, like Alzheimer’s Disease, often present with symptoms [among people] in their 60s, although early onset in the 40s or 50s may occur,” Dr. Sandra Petersen, senior vice president of health and wellness at Pegasus Senior Living, shared with Healthline.

She continued: “Dementia is an ‘umbrella’ term for a group of diseases, of which Alzheimer’s is the most prevalent, in which progressive changes take place in the brain.”

Petersen explained that common signs and symptoms of dementia are:

• Persistent and pervasive difficulty with memory, cognition, and ability to perform

  everyday tasks

• Loss of focus

• Inability to pay attention

• Loss of language skills

• A decrease in visual perception

• A loss of problem-solving skills

• Impaired reasoning and judgment

Risk factors in dementia

While this new study (among others) reveals sleep as a risk factor in dementia, it’s not the only
actor involved.

“Researchers have considered a number of possible causes of dementia,” said Petersen. “We don’t know for sure, but it is likely a combination of factors that contributes to [its] development and progression.”

She revealed scientists hypothesize dementia may arise from:

• Inflammation — resulting from poor sleep, poor diet, lack of exercise, and other
  unhealthy habits

• The occurrence of abnormal ‘tau’ proteins in the brain

• Genetics

• Untreated and prolonged depression

• The brain’s inability to use insulin correctly

Takeaway

Sleep has long been linked to dementia. Poor slumber is believed to increase risk, while those with dementia often struggle to obtain a sound and restful night of rest.

This study didn’t explore some critical aspects of sleep, such as quality. However, it does highlight the connection between dementia and TIB and bedtime — elements the paper noted as being ‘poorly understood’ and ‘rarely explored’, respectively.

More research is required into how TIB and bedtimes may influence dementia onset.

But, until then, the study authors said their findings “suggest that cognitive function should be monitored in older adults who report prolonged time in bed and advanced sleep timing.”

Aroga Home Care Services is your go to 5-star rated private duty skilled caregiver agency in the greater Charlotte area. Contact us today and request a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: Healthline

Fall Prevention

Fall prevention is an important topic to consider as you get older. Physical changes and health conditions — and sometimes the medications used to treat those conditions — make falls more likely as you age. In fact, falls are a leading cause of injury among older adults. Still, fear of falling doesn’t need to rule your life. Instead, consider six simple fall prevention strategies.

1. Make an appointment with your health care provider

Start by making an appointment with your health care provider. To assess your risk and discuss fall prevention strategies, your health care provider may want to talk about the following:

• Your medications. Make a list of your prescription and nonprescription medications and supplements, or bring them with you to the appointment. Your health care provider can review your medications for side effects and interactions that may increase your risk of falling. To help with fall prevention, your health care provider may consider weaning you off medications that make you tired or affect your thinking, such as sedatives, antihistamines, and some types of antidepressants.

• Any previous falls. Write down the details, including when, where, and how you fell. Be prepared to discuss instances when you almost fell but were caught by someone or managed to grab hold of something just in time. Details such as these may help your health care provider identify specific fall prevention strategies.

• Your health conditions. Certain eye and ear disorders may increase your risk of falls. Be prepared to discuss your health conditions and how comfortable you are when you walk — for example, do you feel any dizziness, joint pain, shortness of breath, or numbness in your feet and legs when you walk? Your health care provider may evaluate your muscle strength, balance, and walking style (gait) as well.

2. Keep moving

Physical activity can go a long way toward fall prevention. With your health care provider’s OK, consider activities such as walking, water workouts, or tai chi — a gentle exercise that involves slow and graceful dance-like movements. These activities reduce the risk of falls by improving strength, balance, coordination, and flexibility.

If you avoid physical activity because you’re afraid it will make a fall more likely, tell your health care provider. Your provider may recommend carefully monitored exercise programs or refer you to a physical therapist. The physical therapist can create a custom exercise program aimed at improving your balance, flexibility, and muscle strength.

3. Wear sensible shoes

Consider changing your footwear as part of your fall prevention plan. High heels, floppy slippers, and shoes with slick soles can make you slip, stumble and fall. So can walking in your stocking feet. Instead, wear properly fitting, sturdy, flat shoes with nonskid soles. Sensible shoes may also reduce joint pain.

4. Remove home hazards

Take a look around your home for potential fall hazards. To make your home safer:

• Remove boxes, newspapers, electrical cords, and phone cords from walkways.

• Move coffee tables, magazine racks and plant stands from high-traffic areas.

• Secure loose rugs with double-faced tape, tacks, or slip-resistant backing — or remove loose rugs from your home.

• Repair loose, wooden floorboards, and carpeting right away.

• Store clothing, dishes, food, and other necessities within easy reach.

• Immediately clean spilled liquids, grease, or food.

• Use nonslip mats in your bathtub or shower. Use a bath seat, which allows you to sit while showering.

5. Light up your living space

Keep your home brightly lit to avoid tripping on objects that are hard to see. Also:

• Place night lights in your bedroom, bathroom, and hallways.

• Place a lamp within reach of your bed in case you need to get up in the middle of the night.

• Make clear paths to light switches that aren’t near room entrances. Consider trading traditional switches for glow-in-the-dark or illuminated switches.

• Turn on the lights before going up or downstairs.

• Store flashlights in easy-to-find places in case of power outages.

6. Use assistive devices

Your health care provider might recommend using a cane or walker to keep you steady. Other assistive devices can help, too. For example:

• Handrails for both sides of stairways

• Nonslip treads for bare-wood steps

• A raised toilet seat or one with armrests

• Grab bars for the shower or tub

• A sturdy plastic seat for the shower or tub — plus a hand-held shower nozzle for bathing while sitting down

If necessary, ask your health care provider for a referral to an occupational therapist. An occupational therapist can help you brainstorm other fall prevention strategies. Some solutions are easily installed and relatively inexpensive. Others may require professional help or a larger investment. If you’re concerned about the cost, remember that an investment in fall prevention is an investment in your independence.

Aroga Home Care Services is your go to 5-star rated private duty skilled caregiver agency in the greater Charlotte area. Contact us today and request a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: Mayo Clinic

Elderly Falls: How to Reduce the Risk and Choose an Alert System

Elderly falls impact the physical and psychological health of millions of older adults. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), falls are the leading cause of injury to people over 65. We can't know for certain how many seniors fall each year (since they don't always tell other people about their accidents). However, the CDC estimates the number to be about 30 million.

But many falls are preventable. With a few simple steps, you can reduce your odds of falling. In this article, you'll learn why seniors are at high risk for falls. You'll also discover tips for preventing falls and learn the steps to take if you do slip or tumble. As well, you'll learn about medical alert systems that help seniors get assistance in emergency situations.

Helpful Resources

• Falls in the elderly: Statistics you should know

• Why seniors fall

• Preventing falls

• Medical alert systems: Why they can help and how to choose one

• Recovering from elderly falls: What to do to stay healthy

Falls in the Elderly: Statistics You Should Know

Everyone falls sometimes. But falling can have dire consequences for the elderly. Fall statistics show the seriousness of the problem. According to the CDC:

• About three million seniors are treated for injuries from falls each year.

• Roughly 20 percent of falls cause head injuries, broken bones, or other serious damage.

• The vast majority of hip fractures are caused by accidental tumbling.

But when it comes to measuring the aftereffects of a senior citizen fall, statistics don't always tell the whole story. One reason is that many seniors don't tell anyone when they fall. (They don't want to appear "old.") And the numbers don't always account for the long-term effects of a nonfatal fall, particularly on a senior's sense of pride and independence.

A fall can be a minor incident, especially for young people. But many falls are dangerous for elderly people because seniors often have existing health issues, such as osteoporosis (which makes them more vulnerable to bone fractures) or heart problems (which can make recovering from an injury more difficult, especially if surgery is required).

Of course, the most serious consequence of a fall is death. According to the CDC, about 30,000 seniors die each year from injuries caused by falling. That makes fatal falls the leading cause of accidental death for seniors. (The overall leading cause of death for seniors is heart disease.)

The consequences of falls for the elderly often go beyond short-term injuries. Even seniors who don't have injurious falls can experience declines in their quality of life after falling. Fear is part of the reason why.

According to an article in the International Journal of General Medicine, up to 70 percent of seniors who have experienced a fall are worried about it happening again. And half of those seniors reduce their activity in response to their fears, which can lead to other physical and emotional health problems.

For example, after a hip fracture, 20 to 30 percent of seniors die within 12 months—not directly from the hip injury, but often from the negative effects of the resulting inactivity. If you're worried about elderly falls, statistics like these may seem daunting. But you can take action to avoid future falls. Prevention can easily fit into your plans for positive aging and a healthy lifestyle.

Why Seniors Fall

Many falls are "multifactorial." That means a combination of factors causes elderly people
to fall.

For example, consider an older woman who fell while going to the bathroom at night. All of these factors could be responsible:

• Physical: She felt dizzy when she stood up because of her blood pressure medication.

• Environmental: Her bedroom floor was cluttered because she can no longer bend over to pick things up.

• Situational: Her room was very dark, and there wasn't a light in the bathroom, so she couldn't see the things on the floor.

• Cognitive: She felt confused when she woke up because her husband is in the hospital and she's not used to
  sleeping alone.
  

In other words, if her adult children wonder why their elderly mother keeps falling, they might not find one simple explanation. Fortunately, however, some of those causes can be avoided in the future.

Preventing Falls

Many falls can be prevented. And the steps for reducing a senior's risk of falling are often quite simple. Plus, some fall precautions for elderly people can actually increase their quality of life in other ways.

Seniors can prevent falls by examining three areas in their lives:

• Overall health

• Physical activity and daily habits

• Environment
  

Overall Health

The first step in proactive elderly fall prevention is talking to a doctor.

Because more and more older Americans are falling, new research in geriatrics focuses on ways to prevent slips and tumbles. For example, one risk improvement initiative used by doctors is STEADI (Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths & Injuries) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The publicly available materials include resources such as a fall-prevention handout for physicians to pass on to patients and tips for evaluating elderly patients' fall risk.

Your doctor can perform a geriatric fall risk assessment and make recommendations to protect you. So tell your doctor if you would like this done. (Many doctors don't conduct fall risk assessments unless their patients specifically request them.)

As part of a risk assessment, your doctor may monitor the following health issues:

• Diabetes: Seniors with diabetes, especially those using insulin, have a higher risk of falling. That's partly because nerve damage in feet (caused by the disease) can lead to balance and gait problems. In addition, hypoglycemia (i.e., low blood sugar) caused by diabetes treatment can lead to vision problems and confusion.
  

• Blood pressure: Low blood pressure in elderly people can cause dizziness and lightheadedness, which in turn can lead to falls. Orthostatic hypotension is a sudden drop in blood pressure that can happen when a person stands up or changes position suddenly. About 20 percent of people over 65 are prone to this condition. In addition, many blood pressure medications can lead to dizziness.
  

• Medication: Drug side effects are one of the most common causes of frequent falls in elderly people. In short, your risk of falling increases as you take more medications. (If you have a complicated drug regimen, a pill dispenser for seniors might be helpful.) Drugs that are used to treat the following health issues have been linked to falls:

  • Insomnia

  • Diabetes

  • Anxiety

  • Depression

  • Allergies

  • Bladder problems

  • Chronic pain

  • Hypertension

  • Cognitive issues, including Alzheimer's disease

Ask your physician for information about specific medications. Taking a prescription drug is, of course, often very necessary. But doing an annual medication review with your doctor can help you determine whether a certain medication is worth the risk. A safer drug may be available, or you may be able to make lifestyle changes that eliminate the need for medication.

Also, let your doctor know if you are taking any herbal remedies or undergoing any alternative medical treatments. These can also affect your balance, blood pressure, and other factors that contribute to falls.

In addition to talking to your physician, visit the eye doctor. If you have a prescription for glasses or contact lenses, wear them at all times. And keep your glasses clean. Blurry vision is another one of the most common causes of falls in the elderly, and the solution can be as simple as wiping your lenses on a
regular basis.

Physical activity and daily habits
Effective fall prevention doesn't mean limiting activities. It's actually better to be more active.

As we grow older, we lose up to 30 percent of our muscle strength each decade unless we actively work to maintain it. Our flexibility also decreases. Having good strength, balance, and flexibility can mean the difference between recovering from a misstep and experiencing a major fall.

In fact, one study found that doing exercise involving balance for more than three hours a week led to a 39-percent decrease in falls for older people. Exercise can also reduce the need for prescription medications that contribute to falls.
Many effective fall-prevention exercise programs are available. In addition, the following activities have positive effects on strength and balance. They're also fun!

• Swimming: This may seem counterintuitive. (After all, you can't fall when you're in the water.) But according to a study in the American Journal of Epidemiology, swimming is one of the best exercises for improving balance.

• Yoga: This activity improves balance and proprioception (i.e., your awareness of where your body is in space), both of which can lower your risk of falling.

• Tai chi: Practicing this Chinese system of calisthenics can reduce elderly persons' risk of falls by up to 45 percent. The deliberate movements of tai chi exercises help with balance, proprioception, and mindfulness.

• Strength training: Improving muscle power and endurance through strength training helps with balance as well as the ability to stand up and sit down smoothly.

Simple behavioral changes in your daily habits can also help you move through the world with more confidence. For example:

• Wear nonslip shoes (even inside): You may have been taught that wearing shoes inside is bad manners, but studies confirm that shoes are safer for seniors than bare feet, socks, or slippers. And if wearing shoes inside still isn't for you, nonslip socks are a good alternative that allow you to feel cozy and improve your safety at home.

• Take it slow in wet or icy conditions: Short steps reduce the odds of slipping. Wear solid boots or shoes, and make sure your hat or scarf doesn't interfere with your vision or hearing. If your footwear doesn't feel grippy enough in slippery conditions, you can also get some slip-on traction cleats for your shoes.

• Get up slowly: If you have to get out of bed at night, first move to a seated position and place both feet on the floor with your hands at the edge of the bed. Then, sit for a minute or two before you push yourself up from the bed to walk.

• Stay hydrated: Dehydration in elderly people can be a risk factor for falls, in part because it can lead to confusion and disorientation. If you're not sure how much water you should be drinking in a day, talk to your doctor.

• Avoid carrying too much: If you have to carry something heavy, keep it in front of you, at the center of your body. Try not to carry heavy objects up and down stairs.

• Don't rush around: For example, if the phone rings and you're worried you might not answer it in time, let your answering machine or voice mail service pick it up. And consider programming the machine or service to allow extra rings before the message plays in order to give yourself a bit more time.

• Shower safely: Try to have one body part touching a shower wall at all times. This helps with your body awareness. A nonslip shower mat is also a good tool for preventing falls, especially when getting in and out of the tub.

• Try a cane: If you don't already use one, a cane can help you get around without taking up the space of a walker or scooter. You can choose from a traditional cane with a single prong, or one with four prongs for extra stability. Additionally, there is a good variety of materials, colors, patterns, foldability, handle types, and more.

• Think about getting a walker or rollator: While many people don't feel ready to give up the independence of walking without assistance, it's important to take proper care to not fall if you want to stay on your feet longer-term. Walkers and rollators provide a good way to stay mobile and are available in a variety of price points and styles so you can find the right one for you.

• Consider a mobility scooter: You may not be ready to commit to one full-time, but medical and mobility scooters can be helpful for specific situations where you may feel more vulnerable on foot.

• Watch your alcohol intake: Drinking alcohol can significantly weaken your stability, not to mention your judgment.

• Check in with a physical therapist: A physical therapist (or physiotherapist, depending on where you live) can assess you for risk factors and help you work on exercises that help manage those risk factors and prevent falls.

Environment

Sometimes, older adults are reluctant to fall-proof their homes because they think that doing so makes them look helpless. But most falls among the elderly occur in the home. Making some small changes to your home environment can significantly reduce your fall risk.
For example:

• Declutter: Remove anything you can trip over from the floors and stairs. Make decluttering a habit.

• Rearrange your furniture: Create clear paths through each room. Consider getting rid of unnecessary furniture, especially if it's not very stable—for example, decorative end tables. Pushing chairs and couches against a wall makes them more stable. And check the corners of all pieces of furniture to make sure they're not too sharp. Buy corner guards if they are.

• Make everything easy to reach: Ensure that the objects you frequently reach for in your cupboards can be accessed without a ladder or stool.

• Place a light source near your bed: Many falls happen when seniors get up at night. A nightlight in the bathroom is also a good idea.

• Evaluate your rugs: Get rid of small throw rugs or replace them with slip-proof rugs.

• Clean up all spills right away: Even a small spill on the floor can pose a hazard if you've forgotten about it.

• Use slip-proof mats in all showers and tubs: Falling in the bathroom is a common cause of injury, regardless of age.

• Fall-proof your bed: You can stop falling out of bed by installing bed rails. But keep in mind that there are two main reasons for seniors falling out of bed: (1) They roll out while they're asleep, or (2) they fall while they're trying to get up out of bed. A bed railing system can make it harder to get out of bed. That's why some seniors who find rails too confining attach pool noodles to the tops of their mattresses on each side. It's a low-cost and less claustrophobic alternative to rails. This creates enough of a "lip" in a bed to help prevent falls.

• Install other assistive devices: Many products are designed to help the elderly. Fall-prevention devices include things like:

  • Grab bars beside tubs, showers, and toilets.

  • Handrails for all stairs.

  • Toilet seat risers (which are more discreet than you might think).

  • Door handles that open easily so that you don't lose your balance.

  • Non-skid strips for stairs.

  • Contrasting tape to make stairs and door jams more visible.

  • Shower chairs.

• Do you live in a nursing home, or are you concerned about someone who does? Talk to the managers of the home about their fall-prevention program. Good communication with staff is key to fall prevention for the elderly in nursing homes. 

Ask if they perform regular fall assessments on residents and find out if they have a plan for what to do when elderly residents keep falling while in their care. If you are worried about someone in a nursing home, tell the staff that you want to be informed whenever he or
she falls.

Medical Alert Systems: Why They Can Help and How to Choose One

Medical alert systems ensure that you get the help you need after a fall or other medical emergency. A medical alert system can also give you a greater sense of independence (by easing any worries about being alone and unable to help yourself).

Medical alert systems have advantages over other ways of getting help for seniors. The most obvious benefit is that these systems cost less than hiring in-home companions. As well, unlike a cellphone, you wear a medical alert device, so it can be with you everywhere (even in the shower if it's waterproof). Such devices are also easier to use than most cellphones. Typically, you just have to press a button in order to send out an alert.

You can read many medical alert systems reviews online to get a sense of what's offered by different companies. In addition, most companies have comprehensive websites through which you can order everything you need. Most sites also have a way for you to ask questions. (Just be aware that some companies have been accused of using aggressive sales tactics.)

You can also purchase the necessary equipment at stores like Costco, Walmart or online at Amazon. Medical alert systems deliver a wide range of services, with a lot of variation in price and technical capability. So, before you invest in one for yourself (or for a friend or relative), spend a little time researching the options.

The best medical alert system is one that matches your lifestyle, safety needs, and budget. Other things to consider before you commit to a system include:

Can you test it out? Many companies offer a free trial period that you should take advantage of. After all, you want to make sure the system works for you.

• Is the system waterproof? Remember that a high percentage of falls happen in
  the bathroom.

• Do you have to sign a contract? Many companies permit month-to-month payments instead of binding contracts. Avoid contracts that require long time commitments if
  you can.

• Will you actually wear the device? Some seniors don't wear alert pendants or bracelets because they find them embarrassing or uncomfortable. But many companies are now making more stylish and discreet devices.

• How is the battery life? You don't want to be in a bad situation and discover that the batteries are dead.

• Does the range extend far enough? Consider your daily activities. For example, will you be covered if you are in your garden if that's your favorite hobby?

Usually, you don't need a landline for medical alert systems. Many now work through cellular networks. In addition, medical alert systems with GPS technology are a great option if you're an active older person. These systems can locate you if you have a fall while you're away
from home.

Medical alert systems are divided into two basic categories: those that offer 24/7 monitoring and those that do not.

With a monitored system, activating an alert connects you to a call center that is staffed by people who can reach out to one of your contacts or call 911 if you need immediate help. The personnel at these centers are trained to communicate with seniors in many situations. Some services also offer help in multiple languages. For example, Philips Lifeline medical alert devices can connect users to support in over 140 languages.

Monitored systems typically require a monthly fee and can be more expensive than unmonitored systems. So if you'd prefer something like an emergency call button for seniors with no monthly fee, systems such as the LogicMark Freedom Alert Emergency System can connect you to preprogrammed contacts after you press a button on a wearable pendant. The system can be programmed to call 911 if none of your contacts are available. It can also be programmed to call 911, by default, immediately after you press the button.

Fall detection is also an option with many alert systems, both monitored and unmonitored. Systems with fall detection sense when a person wearing a fall-alert bracelet or pendant has fallen, then they activate a preprogrammed alert.

With a combination of features, a medical alert system can help seniors like you feel safe and independent. For example, products such as many ADT medical alert systems offer both fall detection and GPS capabilities, so a senior can quickly get help if he or she falls while outside the home.

Plus, some popular smart watches now offer features that can act as fall alarms for elderly people. For example, an Apple Watch Series 4 or later automatically enables fall-detection capabilities for users who have entered their age as over 55 in the user profile. (This feature can easily be manually enabled if you're under 55.) If the watch senses that you are not moving after a fall, it asks if you're OK. If you don't answer, the watch calls emergency services (i.e., 911), then it lets your emergency contacts know what's happening.

Other alert systems can track movement, send out an alert if an elderly person leaves the house, and monitor smoke and carbon monoxide levels in a home. You can even find systems that remind seniors to take their medication.

By now, you might be wondering how much a medical alert system is going to cost. Different price ranges reflect different levels of service. In general, monitored medical alert systems are $20 to $65 per month or more, depending on the features you choose. Some companies also charge set-up fees. As an example, the monthly charge for Life Alert is about $50 a month for a basic monitored system, in addition to a set-up fee ranging from $95 to $198.

You may qualify for assistance in covering the costs. Some companies offer discounts for veterans or members of organizations such as AARP. Medical alert systems are also often tax-deductible, so check with your accountant for more information.

As well, in many states, Medicaid covers medical alert systems through special programs. For instance, Medicaid's Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) waivers can help cover the cost of emergency assistance devices. Generally, medical alert systems aren't covered by Medicare, although some Medicare Advantage programs might pay for part of the cost. Review your private insurance policy to see if this an option for you.

Recovering From Elderly Falls: What to Do to Stay Healthy

Even with careful fall and injury prevention, it's possible that you'll experience an accident at some point. Here are some steps to help you stay safe:

1. Remain calm. Don't panic. You'll be OK.

2. Take a quick inventory. Before you start to move, assess your situation. Can you feel any pain? Are you dizzy at all? Are you near any kind of help? Err on the side of caution if you're not sure whether or not you're injured.
   

If you aren't injured and feel as if you can get up:

1. Look for the nearest secure object or piece of furniture that you can use to pull
   yourself up.

2. Roll onto one side. Bend your top leg and push yourself to a crawling position.

3. Crawl carefully over to the furniture or object.

4. Put your strongest leg in front, then place your hands on the furniture and pull
   yourself up.

5. Carefully turn around so that you can sit down.

If you think you might be injured, or if you feel dizzy:

1. Activate your elderly-fall-alert device or other medical monitoring system if you have one. Don't worry about bothering anyone. Now is the time to use it!

2. Try to slide yourself toward the best place to be heard if you don't have a medical alert system. If a phone is in the room, try to move toward it.

3. Make noise if a phone isn't nearby. Tap the floor or cry out.

Even if you feel fine immediately after a fall, symptoms can appear afterward. Tell someone right away that you've fallen. And watch for symptoms such as:

• Unusual sleepiness

• An increase in headaches

• Dizziness

• Pain in any part of your body

• Feelings of nausea

• Vision problems

Also, be sure to tell your doctor that you had a fall. Don't be embarrassed: Everyone falls at some point. Your doctor can help you make a plan for avoiding future falls. He or she may also want to order some blood tests and review your medications.

Having a fall can be an upsetting experience. Many seniors feel helpless and discouraged. But a fall can also be a reminder to stay on top of any health concerns, and it can act as a prompt for making positive changes.

Once you have recovered from a fall, continue with your activities as much as you can (incorporating any new fall-prevention techniques, of course). Remember that staying active can ultimately reduce your risk of falling. Many seniors reduce their activity after a fall because they are afraid it will happen again. But fear of falls, in older adults especially, can actually increase the risk. The result can be a vicious cycle. So if fear of falling is holding you back from any activities, talk to your doctor or mental health professional.

Elderly falls are not inevitable as we age. With a fall-prevention plan, you can protect yourself from the short- and long-term effects of falling. Talk to your doctor about ways to stay safe. And if you think a personal safety alert system is a good fit for you, research some options. Investing a little time right now in fall-proofing your life will benefit you significantly in the
long run.

How To Make Aroga Your Home Care Agency:

Making Aroga your loved ones' chosen Home care Agency is only a few steps away! Aroga Home Care Services is your go-to highly reputable home care agency provider, located at 7731 Little Ave, Charlotte, NC 28226. Make the first step in helping your loved one by contacting Aroga today and requesting a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: Great Senior Living

Help! I Need A Caregiver For My Elderly Parents

Many young or middle-aged people live with the assumption that they will have to take care of their parents when they get older. This is often a societal and cultural expectation - in some Eastern countries, couples have children specifically so there is someone to care for them in their old age. There are many women who feel caring for their parents will become their responsibility because they are female - regardless of how many men there may be in
the family.

The idea of children caring for their elderly parents is not necessarily a bad one. Your parents take care of you, so, on one hand, it seems natural that in turn, you will take care of them when necessary. It may not be easy, but we humans are all capable of doing hard things - to a point.

There are many reasons a person may find themselves in the early morning hours guiltily typing into Google “I don’t want to care for my elderly parents.” Perhaps they did not have a great relationship with their parents growing up, and any existing issues are only exacerbated by personal responsibilities, declining health, possible dementia, and other challenges. Parents may simply not listen to their children for a multitude of reasons, but will happily listen to someone who is not their child. Caregiving is time-consuming and can be very lonely. A person may feel trapped caring for an elderly parent because they are an only child and feel there is no one else, or they feel like they are a horrible person if they don’t want to take care of their parents (not true).

Whatever the reason, an extremely important point to remember is this: a caregiver must always take care of themselves first. If a caregiver finds their caregiving taking a toll on their mental or physical health, it is time to seek other options - and not feel (too) guilty doing it.

Before completely walking away from an elderly parent, consider these ideas:

• Do you just need a break? Respite care is designed specifically for caregivers who need some time off. It can be just a few hours or an overnight stay. Respite care is also helpful for last-minute emergencies.
  

• Set boundaries with your elderly parents. Be firm about when you are available, what you can and can’t do, and if necessary how you should be treated - and then stick with it.
  

• Do you have siblings or other family members who can help with some responsibilities? If your parent is living at home, perhaps a brother, cousin or neighbor can drop by two times a week. If you are living with your parent, perhaps another family member can handle driving to and from doctor’s appointments. Spread out the responsibilities so no one feels overwhelmed.
  

• Join a support group. I know sometimes it feels like there’s a support group for everything, and you may have rolled your eyes when you read that, but it's a real thing and can be so helpful. By contacting a hospital or senior center, you can find a group that meets your needs. Often there are caregiver groups for specific illnesses, like Alzheimer’s or MS. These groups provide, well, support, advice, and a reminder that you aren’t alone.

If you determine that caregiving just isn’t for you or your parents, take a deep breath, remind yourself again to not feel guilty, and start looking for services. There are so many types of services - from caregivers who come in for just a few hours to live-in companies, to 24/7 nurse-type services. You deciding caregiving is not the best option for you and your parents doesn’t instantly mean moving your parents into a nursing home.

Caregiving is hard and caring for their elderly parents simply doesn’t work for everyone. If it's not for you or your parents, don’t be afraid to seek help.

How To Make Aroga Your Home Care Agency:

Making Aroga your loved ones' chosen Home care Agency is only a few steps away! Aroga Home Care Services is your go-to highly reputable home care agency provider, located at 7731 Little Ave, Charlotte, NC 28226. Make the first step in helping your loved one by contacting Aroga today and requesting a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: Griswold Home Care

8 Health Foods That Are A Waste of Money & May Harm Your Health

Trying to eat well, but feeling overwhelmed? With supermarket health-food aisles (and prices!) expanding, it’s easy to overspend in the name of nutrition — or just throw up your hands in frustration.

Understanding which so-called “healthy foods” are actually worth buying, though, makes grocery shopping and eating well much easier.

“Healthy food doesn't mean it has to be expensive food,” said Brittany Kingry, a registered dietitian at CoreLife Novant Health - Ballantyne. “You can have an overall healthy diet while still staying within your monthly budget.”

Kingry enjoys helping patients learn to eat as nutritiously as possible, given their individual budgets and lifestyles. Here, she offers some of her top tips to help you avoid spending needlessly on foods touted as “healthy.”

Organic foods

“I’m not a huge proponent of organic anything,” Kingry said.

The term “organic” describes produce, grains, dairy and meat that have been grown and processed according to certain guidelines. For example, organic farmers may not use synthetic fertilizer or treat livestock with antibiotics or growth hormones.

While organic foods have become more popular and available, researchers are still trying to determine if they are significantly more nutritious than conventional foods. What is certain is that organic foods are much more expensive.

“It’s a personal choice, but I’d far rather people focus on eating healthy foods — including less expensive canned or frozen fruits and veggies — than worry over whether they’re organic,” Kingry said.

And Kingry cautions us to not be fooled by foods that present the illusion of being healthy even though they have no nutritional advantages over other packaged foods.

Veggie puffs, rice crackers and other ‘healthy’ chip substitutes

They may sound more healthful than potato chips, but these foods typically contain additives, oils and a distinct lack of nutrients. Plus, they’re usually high in calories and lack the filling fiber found in whole grains, fruits and veggies.

For smarter, budget-friendly snacks, choose a protein paired with a carbohydrate. For example, try vegetable sticks with hummus or homemade trail mix with nuts, seeds and dried fruit.

Sweet tooth? Try strawberries dipped in a little chocolate syrup, a handful of frozen grapes or whip up a batch of Apple Nachos (recipe below). “They’re easy to make, look pretty, and kids really love helping to make them.”

Cold pressed juices and bottled smoothies

Fans of cold-pressed juices claim they’re fresher and contain more nutrition. But there’s little evidence to support their claims. And, no matter how they’re created, all juices lack the health-boosting fiber found in fresh produce.

“Fiber slows down the digestion of glucose and fructose in your body,” Kingry said. “And that helps prevent a big sugar rush — followed by a crash — which can really affect your blood glucose levels.”

As for pre-made grocery store “smoothies,” most are made with sweetened juices to add more flavor. Unfortunately, this also means they contain a lot more calories and sugar than homemade smoothies.

Gluten-free foods

Despite the craze for all things gluten-free, it’s not necessary to avoid gluten unless recommended by your provider. And, if you do need to avoid gluten, it’s more affordable to choose whole, not processed, foods.

Most gluten-free snacks, bakery products and other products found in supermarkets deliver lower levels of important nutrients, while containing the same high sodium, sugar, fats, preservatives and other additives found in other processed foods. Plus, they’re expensive.

Protein bars, drinks and shakes

Kingry sometimes recommends these products to athletes trying to build muscle, or for people who find it difficult to eat in the morning.

“But, protein bars and ‘shakes’ don’t keep you full, and most contain a lot of sugar,” Kingry said. “I would much rather people get their protein from real foods.”

To save money and eliminate unwanted additives, try making your own protein-rich breakfast bars at home. (See recipe below.)

Bottled waters promising special health benefits

Energy waters, pH balanced waters, vitamin waters — all promise better health, but there’s little evidence proving their benefits.

“You can’t drink anything healthier than water. Just pure water,” Kingry said. “By staying hydrated, you’ll feel better and more energized, but there’s no need to spend a ton of money on specialty bottled versions.”

Fancy single-serving oatmeal cups

Inexpensive — and loaded with fiber, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants — warming, filling oatmeal may be the perfect breakfast food.

While clever marketing has made ‘healthy’ instant oatmeal cups both popular and widely available, these products are often high in sugar and cost a bundle. Fortunately, it’s possible to create your own uniquely flavored, grab-and-go oats at home.

A quick internet search for “overnight oats,” which can be eaten cold or warmed in the microwave, will lead you to a nearly endless variety of recipes you can tailor to your own taste.

‘Healthy’ or ‘lean’ frozen meals

Frozen meals are a tempting, quick solution when time, money and energy are at a premium. Like all processed foods, though, frozen meals labeled ‘natural,’ ‘healthy’ or ‘organic’ can contain high levels of sodium, fats and additives like MSG (monosodium glutamate, which can cause adverse reactions in some people).

“Not all processed foods are bad for you, but even the healthiest ones cost more than food you prepare yourself, and their portions are almost always too small to satisfy you,” Kingry said. “A better option is to plan and freeze meals in advance, so you can just reheat them in the microwave.”

Sugar and salt: How much is too much?

Finding a balance between cost and nutrition can feel confusing. You hear about foods like cereals and frozen dinners that contain high amounts of sugar and sodium. But, how much is too much?

For sugar, Kingry recommends a daily intake of no more than 25 grams of added sugars for women, and 36 grams for men. Added sugars are not the same as naturally occurring sugars in foods like produce and dairy products.

Instead, these sweeteners and syrups are added to processed foods — especially desserts, baked goods and soft drinks — to improve their flavor. But they also add calories without the other nutrients found in whole foods, such as fiber and antioxidants.

Because added sugars are also common in breakfast foods, Kingry suggests looking for granola and protein bars that contain less than 7 grams of added sugar, and yogurt with 10 grams or less. When shopping for cereals, read labels to find those with 5% or less of the “Daily Value” of added sugars, and add berries or a sliced banana for sweetness.

While sodium is necessary to our bodies, most of us eat too much salt. This can contribute to high blood pressure, which puts you at risk for heart disease and stroke. Kingry recommends limiting your sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams per day.

When shopping for frozen meals, look for options with less than 600 mg of sodium. Buying canned beans and vegetables? Look for options labeled “no salt added” (and rinse them well to remove any residual salt remaining from the canning process).

Brittany’s Apple Nachos

• 1 Fuji apple (or slicing apple of your choice)

• 1/4 cup smooth peanut butter

• 1/4 cup unmelted mini semi-sweet chocolate chips

 

 

Instructions

1. Using an apple slicer or knife, slice apple into 32 thin pieces, and arrange on a plate.

2. Melt peanut butter in microwave and drizzle over apple slices with a spoon.

3. Top with mini chocolate chips, and serve immediately.

Nutrition Facts (makes 4 servings): 194 calories; 12.2 grams fat (4.2 grams saturated); 3 milligrams sodium; 20.9 grams total carbohydrate (3.3 grams dietary fiber; 15.3 grams total sugars); 4.2 grams protein.

​​Salted Oat, PB & Banana Breakfast Cookies

• 2 very ripe bananas, peeled

• 1 cup plain old-fashioned oats (NOT quick oats, instant or steel cut)

• 1/4 cup all-natural (no added sugar) peanut butter crunchy or creamy

• 1/4 cup raisins

• 1/4 teaspoon real vanilla extract

• 1/4 - 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, to taste

• 1/8 teaspoon salt

• 1 teaspoon coarse salt for sprinkling

• Cooking spray

Instructions

1. Preheat oven to 350.

2. Lightly and evenly coat baking sheet with oil or cooking spray. In a large mixing bowl, mash bananas with potato masher.

3. Mix in peanut butter (you may want to microwave the PB in 15-second increments to soften it first). Add the oats, cinnamon, vanilla and 1/8 teaspoon salt. Mix thoroughly.

4. Place heaping tablespoons of mixture on cookie sheet to form 12 cookies. Flatten with back of tablespoon (about 1/2-1/4 inch thickness). Bake at 350 for 15 minutes or until golden brown with slightly darker edges.

5. Remove from oven and allow to rest while you sprinkle with a few grains of coarse salt on each cookie, then remove to a plate using a spatula. Store up to 3 days in a sealed container.

Nutrition Facts (makes 6 servings, 2 cookies each): 167 calories; 6.4 grams fat (0.7 grams saturated); 395 milligrams sodium; 24.9 grams total carbohydrate (4 grams dietary fiber; 9.2 grams total sugars); 4.7 grams protein.

How To Make Aroga Your Home Care Agency:

Making Aroga your loved ones' chosen Home care Agency is only a few steps away! Aroga Home Care Services is your go-to highly reputable home care agency provider, located at 7731 Little Ave, Charlotte, NC 28226. Make the first step in helping your loved one by contacting Aroga today and requesting a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: Novant Health

18 Good Dogs for Seniors Who Want or Need a Furry Companion

Choosing good dogs, for seniors or anyone else, can be a fun and enriching process. But it starts with assessing the needs and wants of a prospective owner (which might be you or a loved one). After all, everyone has a unique set of preferences, so the kind of dog that makes the best pet will vary from one older adult to another. Some seniors gravitate toward smaller dogs that can cuddle in a lap, while other prefer larger dogs that can romp around and play fetch. Ultimately, any breed of dog is good for older people if it meshes with their abilities, likes, and lifestyles.

This article will help you figure out what factors you need to consider in your search for the perfect canine companion. You'll also read about 18 specific breeds that are among the best dogs for seniors, including a range of both small dogs and large dogs. You'll explore the uses of (and distinctions between) therapy, support, and service dogs. And you'll learn about the emerging trend of robot pets.

So keep reading. The information may just help you achieve greater vitality. After all, it's well established that dog ownership can lower people's stress and blood pressure levels. Having a dog is a great way to get some exercise, socialize with others in your community, and enjoy the benefits of companionship. Many seniors also thrive on the experience of nurturing and caring for another living being.

How to Choose the Best Dog for an Older Person

You can enjoy the many advantages of dog ownership at any age, but it's important to find the right animal. Here are some factors to weigh when selecting a dog:

• Energy level: Some breeds require more exercise than others. If you're fairly active, you may be able to handle a dog that needs lots of play time and opportunities to run. But if you have mobility or stamina issues, you might want to choose a dog that is content with a few short walks. Some very small dogs may even be able to get all the exercise they need just by running around inside your home.

• Size: Smaller dogs are easier to keep under control and are more suitable for seniors living in condos, apartments, or care facilities. Small dogs can fit in your lap, are more portable than larger breeds, won't physically overwhelm you, and can be easily washed in a sink. However, some small dogs have lots of nervous energy and try to make up for their diminutive stature with plenty of barking. (This doesn't always hold true, though: Among dogs that bark the least are smaller breeds like the pug and the Boston terrier). Alternatively, docile larger dogs that don't require a lot of maintenance may be a
  good choice.

• Age: Older dogs are better dogs for seniors to adopt than puppies that are super active and tend to chew and nip. (Most dogs are considered to be "seniors" when they reach about age seven.) Adult dogs are typically already housetrained and well-socialized with people. Mature dogs also tend to be the calmest dogs, with more predictable behavior patterns. In addition, it's wise to think about the life expectancy of different dogs and how likely it is that your pet will outlive you. Who will take care of your dog if you aren't around to do so?

• Temperament: Dogs' temperaments are influenced by the genes they are born with as well as the way they are brought up. While any dog can be raised to be friendly, some breeds are more naturally conditioned to be gentle and welcoming. Beagles, retrievers, poodles, and bulldogs are among the dogs that have the best temperament. But keep in mind that every animal has a unique personality. Try to interact with any potential pet you are considering in order to get a feel for how well-suited you are to each other.

• Grooming requirements: Some breeds need to be bathed, trimmed, and clipped regularly, while others just need a quick brush every so often. Be sure to choose a dog whose needs you can manage, either by yourself or with the help of a family member or professional groomer.

8 of the Overall Best Companion Dogs for Seniors

What are some of the best companion dog breeds? Elderly people have a wide range of needs and preferences, so the perfect pet for one senior may be entirely unsuitable for another. That said, some breeds have certain combinations of traits that make them popular choices for retirees. Here are eight of the top companion dogs for older adults:

• Poodle
  Thanks to their extraordinary intelligence and highly trainable nature, poodles are good companion dogs. They form a strong bond with more than one member of their human families and are one of the best dogs for couples. They are sweet, gentle, and loving animals. Poodles need a daily walk but are otherwise content to play or just lie on the couch. They don't shed, but they do need to be groomed every month or so. You can choose from three sizes of poodle: toy, miniature, or standard.

• Cavalier King Charles spaniel
  These quiet, small dogs make some of the best lap dogs for seniors. They love nothing better than snuggling up with their owners, and they get along extremely well with adults, children, and other pets. Active and playful, they are also intelligent and easy to train. Their long, soft, beautiful coat requires regular grooming and an occasional bath. Keep in mind that this dog breed loves to chase things; you'll need a long leash or a fenced yard.

• Boston terrier
  Looking for a smaller-sized companion dog who will be utterly devoted to you? Boston terriers are adaptable, friendly, mild-tempered dogs whose favorite activity is sitting peacefully with their owners. They are easy to train and don't bark much, which makes them well-suited to apartment or condo life. Their grooming needs are minimal, since their short, smooth coat (which resembles a black-and-white tuxedo) is easy to care for. They don't do well in hot weather, though.

• Maltese
  Weighing in at just four to seven pounds, the tiny Maltese is widely regarded as the quintessential lap dog. Bright, gentle, and playful, these dogs get along well with other pets and are extremely attentive to their owners' moods. (In fact, they are frequently used as therapy dogs.) While they don't need a lot of outdoor exercise, they do like going for short walks and dashing around the house. Their silky white coat doesn't shed but does require daily brushing and weekly bathing.

• Pembroke Welsh corgi
  Intelligent and lively, Pembroke Welsh corgis are high-energy dogs that live for human attention and are big on pleasing their owners. They are famous for being the favorite pets of Queen Elizabeth II. They have squat bodies and short legs, and they typically weigh between 25 and 30 pounds. Originally bred as herding dogs, corgis love hiking and being outside, and they need frequent daily walks. They have a protective nature and make good watchdogs. However, they can be prone to barking.

• Beagle
  Are you an active outdoorsy type who enjoys long walks? You might get along well with a beagle. These dogs are energetic, sociable animals who love to play. They are friendly, fun, easygoing characters who consider every person they meet to be their new best buddy. Bred as hunting hounds, beagles are a scent-driven breed and will take off in pursuit of an interesting smell. It's important to have a securely fenced yard and supervise these dogs closely.

• Pomeranian
  Pomeranians are small companion dogs that are smart, lively, and affectionate. They are very curious and love attention, making them a good option for older adults who can give them lots of time and energy. They should be brushed at least a couple times a week to keep their fluffy coats healthy and shiny. Poms are proud and aren't naturally inclined to take direction from others, but firm, gentle leadership can train them not to be unruly. They do tend to be loud, however.

• Chihuahua
  Chihuahuas are tiny dogs that are full of personality. Few other breeds are as quirky and entertaining. Lively and spunky, chihuahuas are loyal companions who love to sit in their owners' laps and be petted. They are good apartment animals but need to be trained to deal with strangers and children. Chihuahuas enjoy going for walks and basking in the sun, but they cannot handle cold weather. Fortunately, because they are so small, they can often fill their exercise needs indoors.

 7 Small Dogs That Aren't Yappy

The best small companion dog is a matter of personal preference. Many older adults look for small, calm dogs that don't bark without a good reason and aren't over-exuberant. By that measure, small dogs that make the best pets include the odd-looking but charming pug as well as little white lap dogs like the shih tzu and bichon frise. (The Cavalier King Charles spaniel and the Boston terrier, described in the above section, would also qualify). Check out the following examples of calm, small dogs that are not yappy:

• Pug
  Pugs may be the best small dogs for seniors who would rather cuddle with their pooch in an armchair than take it out hiking every day. These animals don't need much exercise and can't handle temperature extremes, so they spend much of their time indoors. Childlike, loyal, and affectionate, pugs are devoted to their owners and love to nap. They aren't really barkers, although they tend to snore. Pugs require little grooming.

• Bichon frise
  The bichon frise is an intelligent, obedient, and affectionate breed. These dogs love to snuggle with their people and are highly compatible with other household pets. They have a pleasant, cheerful nature and are perfectly content to spend much of the day chilling indoors; a couple short walks each day is enough to meet their exercise needs. They don't shed, but they do require frequent brushing and grooming.

• French bulldog
  If your idea of the perfect companion is a quiet, amiable dog who readily adapts to apartment life, you may want to consider a French bulldog. Spirited but not yappy, Frenchies thrive on plenty of human contact. They have low exercise needs and are happy with short walks or a bit of playtime in the yard—but not when temperatures soar. (These dogs are prone to heat exhaustion.) Regular brushings are all the grooming that's required.

• Shih tzu
  Shih tzus always want to be by their owners' sides and are good small dogs for seniors. This breed lives for cuddles and attention. Shih tzus are excellent lap dogs and take a welcoming attitude toward strange people as well as other pets. Playful but not overly active, these dogs get enough activity through short daily walks. They are highly adaptable and can thrive equally well in a large suburban house or a small city condo.

• Havanese
  Small, fuzzy, and eager to please, the Havanese is an excellent choice for retirees who can spend lots of time with their pets. These dogs get along with everybody but are happiest in their owners' company. They are smart animals that are easy to train; many work as therapy dogs. They have cheerful dispositions and adore being the center of attention. A walk each day will keep them satisfied. Their long coat requires frequent brushing but can be kept short for lower maintenance.

• Lhasa apso
  Whether you want to wander around outside or just relax on the couch, lhasa apsos will happily join you. They are one of the calmest small dog breeds out there and do very well in apartments. Friendly and affectionate with their owners, these dogs are very protective but don't bark without cause. They are more independent than many other breeds and can be left alone. Their long, flowing coats do take a lot of grooming, however.

• Bolognese
  Another cuddly, fluffy white dog, the Bolognese is playful, smart, and easy to train. These animals worship their owners and shadow them everywhere. Not super active, Bolognese dogs don't need much exercise and are perfectly willing to be couch potatoes, so long as they can stay near you. They are calm and quiet and adapt well to all types of living spaces. They must be bathed and groomed regularly to keep their curly locks in good condition.

3 of the Best Large Dog Breeds for Seniors

Bigger dogs are often very playful when they're outside, but calm when they're indoors. Provided you have a large yard or open space for them to burn off their energy, they can be very good companions. Some older adults feel more secure with a large dog around that can intimidate unwanted visitors (even though many big dogs are actually gentle giants). Here are three options you may want to consider:

• Greyhound
  Long-legged and slender, greyhounds are the fastest dogs around. It might come as a surprise, then, that rescued racing greyhounds are calm, quiet, and easy to manage. They're sprinters but not joggers: As long as they get a chance to run all-out for a short time, they are generally happy to loaf around and take it easy for the rest of the day. They are friendly and gentle, but they do have a strong drive to chase prey; they should never be off leash in an unconfined area.

• Labrador retriever
  Labrador retrievers are one of the most popular dog breeds in America, and no wonder: With their warm, friendly disposition, outgoing personality, and love of human camaraderie, Labs make excellent companions. They adapt well to training as service dogs and are among the best dog breeds for anxiety sufferers. Labs are cheerful and even-tempered, but these big dogs are also highly energetic and require lots of physical exercise (think swimming and playing fetch).

• Golden retriever
  Like Labs, golden retrievers are kind, friendly people-pleasers who respond well to training and are well-attuned to the emotional needs of humans, putting them among the most popular therapy dog breeds. They are best suited to active lifestyles and love to run, hike, and swim. If they get enough outdoor exercise, they can be fairly mellow indoors. They thrive on companionship and are renowned for their patience with all types of people.

Therapy, Support, and Service Dogs for Seniors

Service dogs have a long history of assisting older adults with special needs related to blindness and deafness, but these days, they are helping with a much broader range of disabilities. Did you know there are even service dogs for dementia sufferers? It's true. Dogs help dementia patients by lowering their anxiety and helping them become more interactive. In fact, in a study published in the Western Journal of Nursing Research, Alzheimer's patients had dramatically fewer behavior issues once a specially trained dog took up residence in the care unit.

Some people get confused about the differences between service dogs, therapy dogs, and emotional support dogs. The terms are not interchangeable, and it's important to understand the distinctions.

Service dogs undergo specialized training in order to perform assistance tasks for a person with a disability. (Because the training is so extensive, it costs anywhere from $15,000 to $30,000 to get a service dog.) They are protected by the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) and are legally allowed to accompany their human companions on buses and into public buildings like restaurants and stores. Service dogs for elderly people can do things like wake owners up, fetch medication, pick up dropped items for owners in wheelchairs, guide owners with impaired vision, and keep owners with dementia from wandering out of the house alone. They should not be petted, as that could distract them from the job they are doing.

Therapy dogs are specifically trained to provide comfort and psychological support to people other than their owners. They visit people in hospitals, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, retirement communities, hospices, rehabilitation centers, and other settings. Therapy dogs must have friendly, stable temperaments, since they are meant to be petted and handled by many different people. These dogs are not covered by the ADA and do not have the same access rights to public spaces.

Emotional support dogs are pets that comfort and ease anxiety and stress in their owners. While any type of dog can perform this role, Labs, golden retrievers, poodles, pugs, and Cavalier King Charles spaniels often make good emotional support dogs. They don't require any special training and are also not covered by the ADA. They do have more legal protections than therapy dogs, however. For instance, under the Fair Housing Act, emotional support dogs are allowed to live with their owners in housing complexes that don't normally allow pets, provided the owner's doctor has recommended it.

Robot Dogs: A Growing Trend

Some older adults who can no longer care for a pet—or who move into facilities that don't allow animals—are finding joy and comfort with lifelike robotic dogs such as Hasbro's Joy for All Companion Pet Golden Pup. These high-tech pooches look, move, and sound like the real thing: They sport realistic fur along with built-in sensors that listen for vocal cues and respond to human touch.

Because they can soothe anxiety and generate nurturing feelings without having to be walked, fed, or bathed, robot dogs can be excellent companions for seniors. In fact, research in the Journal of the American Medical Directors Association has shown that robotic dogs can be very effective at reducing loneliness in nursing home residents. They are definitely an option to consider if you or someone you love needs a low-maintenance pet.

Find the Perfect Pooch

Good dogs for seniors are ones that closely match their owners' abilities and preferences. Whether you're looking for a dog that's big or small, active or sedate (or even robotic), you can find a furry friend that's right for you.

How To Make Aroga Your Home Care Agency:

Making Aroga your loved ones' chosen Home care Agency is only a few steps away! Aroga Home Care Services is your go-to highly reputable home care agency provider, located at 7731 Little Ave, Charlotte, NC 28226. Make the first step in helping your loved one by contacting Aroga today and requesting a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: Great Senior Living

Does Your Loved One Need Respite Care?

What Is Respite Care?

Respite care is a special name for a short-term break for caregivers. When you look after someone who’s sick or disabled, it’s a 24-hour job. You need a break from time to time to look after your own needs. That’s where respite care can help.

Respite care can take place:

• In your home

• At special day-care centers

• In residential centers that offer overnight stays

Your breaks can be as long or short as you need them to be. You can set up respite care for a few hours, a day, a few days, or a few weeks.

Who Needs Respite Care?

Someone who has an illness or disability may need care around the clock. Caregivers sometimes need time to rest and relax, go on vacation, shop, go to appointments,
work, or exercise.

You might use respite care if you’re in charge of someone who has a condition like:

• Cancer

• A brain injury

• Alzheimer’s disease or dementia

• A stroke

• Blindness

Respite Care Services

Respite care offers a safe, comfortable place for your loved one while you’re away. Trained providers can sit and talk with someone who’s disabled or ill. They may also help your
loved one:

• Bathe

• Dress

• Eat or drink

• Take medications

• Exercise

• Enjoy the outdoors

• Get in and out of bed

You can also choose group respite care. Usually, this takes place at assisted-living facilities, adult day care centers, or community centers.

These programs might include music, dance, or art classes led by trained providers. They often offer group meals, entertainment, or just time to socialize with others.

• Someone who’s elderly or ill may feel isolated if they’re at home all the time. Caregivers can feel isolated, too. Respite care may be a welcome break for both of you.

Types of Respite Care

Respite care at home

If you care for a loved one at home, respite care can come to you.

In-home respite care providers may act as companions for someone who’s sick or elderly. They keep them company and make sure they don’t hurt themselves.

Home health aides may be able to do more, like help to bathe, dress, groom, take medications, or eat. Some respite care providers can also run a load of laundry, make beds, or fix meals.

Adult day centers or programs

You can take your loved one to an adult day center for respite care for a few hours or the whole day.

Adult day centers may offer exercise, music classes, or meals supervised by trained staff. Some programs will pick up your loved at home and bring them back at the end of the session.

Respite care facilities

You may think of assisted living facilities as apartment complexes for seniors who can’t live on their own anymore. But some offer short-term stays for respite care.

It’s also called short-term assisted living or residential respite care.

Short-term assisted living allows you to take a trip for as long as a few weeks while your loved one stays in a safe, comfortable apartment, room, or suite. Trained staff provide care day and night.

The staff can help your loved one eat meals, take medications on schedule, dress, bathe, and exercise in classes or outdoors. They usually offer
housekeeping, too.

Some facilities have hair stylists, gyms, religious services, and supervised outings. They may be able to take your loved one to medical appointments
or shopping.

Respite Care Obstacles

The first obstacle might be admitting that you need a break. You can become so focused on caring for another person that you feel like you can’t take time to look after yourself, too. Let yourself take breaks now and then so you don’t get mentally, emotionally, and physically drained. When you come back, you’ll be able to focus more energy on your role, and that will be a boost for the person you’re caring for.

Do your research to find the options that work best for your situation and how you can pay for it. When you’re looking at a specific program, ask as many questions as you need, and get references or referrals to help set your mind at ease.

If money is a concern, you might also be able to set up a swap with another caregiver who’s dealing with a similar situation, such as a child who has special needs. Or ask family, friends, neighbors, or faith-based groups for help.

Be open with your loved one and the rest of your family about why you need respite care and what you’re planning. They might want to be involved in the process.

How To Make Aroga Your Respite Care Agency:

Making Aroga your loved ones' chosen Home care Agency is only a few steps away! Aroga Home Care Services is your go-to highly reputable home care agency provider, located at 7731 Little Ave, Charlotte, NC 28226. Make the first step in helping your loved one by contacting Aroga today and requesting a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: WebMD

When A Loved One Loses Their Ability to Recognize Familiar Places and Faces

Alzheimer’s disease causes people to lose their ability to recognize familiar places and faces. It’s common for a person living with dementia to wander or become lost or confused about their location, and it can happen at any stage of the disease. Six in 10 people living with dementia will wander at least once; many do so repeatedly. Although common, wandering can be dangerous — even life-threatening — and the stress of this risk weighs heavily on caregivers and family.

Who's at risk for wandering?

Everyone living with Alzheimer’s or other dementia is at risk for wandering. Common signs a person may be at risk of wandering include:

• Returning from a regular walk or drive later than usual.

• Forgetting how to get to familiar places.

• Talking about fulfilling former obligations, such as going to work

• Trying or wanting to “go home” even when at home.

• Becoming restless, pacing or making repetitive movements.

• Having difficulty locating familiar places, such as the bathroom, bedroom or dining room.

• Asking the whereabouts of past friends and family.

• Acting as if doing a hobby or chore, but nothing gets done.

• Appearing lost in a new or changed environment.

• Becoming nervous or anxious in crowded areas, such as markets or restaurants.

Reduce the risk of wandering

The following tips may help reduce the risk of wandering and can bring peace of mind to caregivers and family members; however, these actions cannot guarantee that a person living with dementia won’t wander. 

• Provide opportunities for the person to engage in structured, meaningful activities throughout the day

• Identify the time of day the person is most likely to wander (for those who experience “sundowning,” this may be starting in the early evening.) Plan things to do during this time — activities and exercise may help reduce anxiety, agitation and restlessness.

• Ensure all basic needs are met, including toileting, nutrition and hydration. Consider reducing – but not eliminating – liquids up to two hours before bedtime so the person doesn’t have to use and find the bathroom during the night.

• Involve the person in daily activities, such as folding laundry or preparing dinner. Learn about creating a daily plan.

• Reassure the person if he or she feels lost, abandoned or disoriented.

• If the person is still safely able to drive, consider using a GPS device to help if they get lost.

• If the person is no longer driving, remove access to car keys — a person living with dementia may not just wander by foot. The person may forget that he or she can no longer drive.

• Avoid busy places that are confusing and can cause disorientation, such as shopping malls.

• Assess the person’s response to new surroundings. Do not leave someone with dementia unsupervised if new surroundings may cause confusion, disorientation or agitation.

For individuals in the early stage of the disease and their care partners, the following strategies may also help reduce the risk of wandering or getting lost:

• Decide on a set time each day to check in with each other.

• Review scheduled activities and appointments for the day together.

• If the care partner is not available, identify a companion for the person living with dementia as needed.

• Consider alternative transportation options if getting lost or driving safely becomes a concern.

Prepare your home

As the disease progresses and the risk for wandering increases, assess your individual situation to see which of the safety measures below may work best to help prevent wandering.

• Place deadbolts out of the line of sight, either high or low, on exterior doors. (Do not leave a person living with dementia unsupervised in new or changed surroundings, and never lock a person in at home.)

• Use night lights throughout the home.

• Cover door knobs with cloth the same color as the door or use safety covers.

• Camouflage doors by painting them the same color as the walls or covering them with removable curtains or screens.

• Use black tape or paint to create a two-foot black threshold in front of the door. It may act as a visual stop barrier.

• Install warning bells above doors or use a monitoring device that signals when a door is opened.

• Place a pressure-sensitive mat in front of the door or at the person's bedside to alert you to movement.

• Put hedges or a fence around the patio, yard or other outside common areas.

• Use safety gates or brightly colored netting to prevent access to stairs or the outdoors.

• Monitor noise levels to help reduce excessive stimulation.

• Create indoor and outdoor common areas that can be safely explored.

• Label all doors with signs or symbols to explain the purpose of each room.

• Store items that may trigger a person’s instinct to leave, such as coats, hats, pocketbooks, keys and wallets.

• Do not leave the person alone in a car.

Plan ahead

The stress experienced by families and caregivers when a person living with dementia wanders and becomes lost is significant. Have a plan in place beforehand, so you know what to do in case of an emergency:

• Consider enrolling the person living with dementia in a wandering response service.

• Ask neighbors, friends and family to call if they see the person wandering, lost or dressed inappropriately.

• Keep a recent, close-up photo of the person on hand to give to police, should the need arise.

• Know the person’s neighborhood. Identify potentially dangerous areas near the home, such as bodies of water, open stairwells, dense foliage, tunnels, bus stops and roads with heavy traffic.

• Create a list of places the person might wander to, such as past jobs, former homes, places of worship or a favorite restaurant.

Take action when wandering occurs

• Start search efforts immediately. When looking, consider whether the individual is right- or left-handed — wandering patterns generally follow the direction of the dominant hand.

• Begin by looking in the surrounding vicinity — many individuals who wander are found within 1.5 miles of where they disappeared.

• Check local landscapes, such as ponds, tree lines or fence lines — many individuals are found within brush or brier.

• If applicable, search areas the person has wandered to in the past.

• If the person is not found within 15 minutes, call 911 to file a missing person’s report. Inform the authorities that the person has dementia.

How To Make Aroga Your Home Care Agency:

Making Aroga your loved ones' chosen Home care Agency is only a few steps away! Aroga Home Care Services is your go-to highly reputable home care agency provider, located at 7731 Little Ave, Charlotte, NC 28226. Make the first step in helping your loved one by contacting Aroga today and requesting a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: Alzheimer's Association

Tips to Make Mealtime Easier for People with Dementia

Meals can be a challenging time for people with Alzheimer's and their caregivers. Maintaining familiar routines and serving favorite foods can help the person know what to expect and feel more relaxed.

Here are some tips to help mealtime go smoothly:

• Make the eating area quiet. Turn off the TV and radio.

• Offer just one food at a time instead of filling the plate or table with too many options.

• Don't rush. Be patient and give the person enough time to finish the meal.

• Cut food into small pieces and make it soft enough to eat, which will help with chewing and swallowing.

A meal is a good opportunity for social interaction. You can set the mood with a warm and happy tone of voice.

Learn more about healthy eating for people with Alzheimer's disease.

How To Make Aroga Your Home Care Agency:

Making Aroga your loved ones' chosen Home care Agency is only a few steps away! Aroga Home Care Services is your go-to highly reputable home care agency provider, located at 7731 Little Ave, Charlotte, NC 28226. Make the first step in helping your loved one by contacting Aroga today and requesting a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: National Institute on Aging

The Hours of a Caregiver

Choosing to have a caregiver assist in helping with your loved one's activities of daily living can be an overwhelming process. There are a series of things to consider when creating the schedule of the needs of your loved one. One specific factor that must be heavily considered is the number of hours that your family member will need when with a home care agency. 

With home care agencies such as Aroga, our specialists provide a state-of-the-art client assessment. In this assessment, our team analyzes the forms of care as well as hours that will be needed for your family member. When deciphering which hours will be most feasible for your loved one, one must be aware of how home care services can be provided.

Boutique agencies such as Aroga offer their clients flexible scheduling hours that best accommodate the needs of the client. From 4 hour shifts to live-in-based cases, Aroga offers a wide selection of hour services. Aroga also customizes the daily schedule of your loved one's needs. For instance, while one of Aroga’s illustrious caregivers is servicing the needs of your loved one, your family members' customized scheduling hours can be tailored to promote dignity and independence. A morning schedule could consist of:

• Bathing – At a minimum, seniors should shower or bathe at least once or twice a week to minimize the risk of infection and skin breakdown. If traditional bathing is not possible, a thorough wipe down of the armpits, genitals, groin, feet, and any skin folds can help prevent body odors.

• Hygiene – Basic hygiene practices should be followed daily. This includes teeth brushing (or denture care), hair combing, and the use of skin ointments or lotions if necessary, to keep skin soft and moisturized. Caregivers can also help seniors pick out and put on clean clothes.

• Breakfast – Seniors should never miss breakfast. Caregivers can help prepare a healthy breakfast and assist with feeding if needed.

• Activities – Morning activities can vary from person to person but may include breakfast cleanup, reading the newspaper, enjoying a cup of coffee, listening to music, gardening, taking a walk, or similar activities.

Even if your loved one prefers afternoon servicing, Aroga offers flexible servicing hours, making each client feel fulfilled. Many seniors spend their afternoons enjoying relaxing activities, attending doctor appointments or other obligations, or completing important chores around the home. An example of tasks found in a daily schedule of an in-home caregiver include:

Lunch – Start the afternoon with a delicious lunch. Seniors can help prepare simple lunches like sandwiches, salads, or cut-up fruit and veggies. After lunch, caregivers can assist with washing dishes and other light housework duties.

• Activities – Afternoon activities can range depending on the person’s unique interests. Some seniors enjoy doing crafts or exercising in the afternoon, while others would prefer to visit a friend or go on an outing. An in-home caregiver can assist with all types of activities. It is important to encourage seniors to exercise not just their bodies, but also their minds. Crossword puzzles and other ‘thinking’ games can be useful for boosting cognitive function.

• Nap – Resting is important for seniors, no matter how active they are during the day. Many seniors enjoy some relaxation time in the afternoon. This may involve a short nap or just resting on the couch while watching a movie or listening to music. In the warmer months of the year, sitting outdoors can also be relaxing.

Finally, Aroga offers care servicing hours for the needs of your loved one in the evening as well. In the evening, caregivers and seniors can finish up their day with dinner, an enjoyable activity, and a few simple tasks to prepare for bed. A few things to add to an evening schedule include:

• Dinner – Although dinner is the final meal of the day, it should not be too heavy as this can cause digestive upset. Ideally, seniors should eat at least two to three hours before going to bed to allow the body time to properly digest the food. After dinner, an in-home caregiver can assist with kitchen cleanup.

• Dessert – Many seniors enjoy a light dessert after dinner. Coffee and dessert are a great way to end the day. Eating dessert also creates the perfect setup for conversation. It is important for seniors to continue engaging in conversation to reduce the likelihood of developing mood disorders like depression.

• Activities – Any activities done after dinner should be relaxing to help the person wind down for bed. Some great after-dinner activities include watching a movie, playing a game of cards, or taking a warm bath.

• Bed – At the end of the evening, in-home caregivers can help get seniors ready for bed. This typically includes tasks like changing clothes and teeth brushing. If necessary, a caregiver can also change the linens on the bed and pull back the covers.

How to make Aroga your Home Care Agency:

Making Aroga your loved ones' chosen Home care Agency is only a few steps away! Aroga Home Care Services is your go-to highly reputable home care agency provider, located at 7731 Little Ave, Charlotte, NC 28226. Make the first step in helping your loved one by contacting Aroga today and requesting a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: Aroga Home Care

Home Care Agency Guide:

What are Home Care Agencies:

Home care agencies are licensed businesses that employ caregivers and send them to the home of your loved one to provide in-home care. Home care agencies can provide medical care or non-medical care with professionals, such as nurses or nursing assistants. ​​A home care agency can help with personal care, such as getting in and out of bed, walking, bathing, and dressing. Agencies, such as Aroga, that offer personal care services can provide aides that also help remind you to take your medicines, do light housekeeping, run errands, etc. 

Who is Aroga:

Aroga is a boutique Home Care Agency. Not only are our caregivers experienced, but also Aroga prioritizes the safety of the client. Our team goes above and beyond to ensure that our clients are aligned with the right caregiver based on client needs as well as wants. Additionally, as a home care agency, Aroga prides itself on providing compassionate home health care services. Finally, Aroga offers 24/7 availability for clients and makes sure that each client's needs are met.

Why home care agencies are the best:

The number of reasons that home care agencies are the best route for your loved one is extremely vast. For starters, Caregivers employed by an agency receive consistent professional training as well as the required certifications. Before your loved one is serviced by one of Arogas caregivers, Aroga requires all caregivers to both meet and train with your loved one before taking on your case. Another reason home care agencies are more fitting of the needs of your loved one is because agencies have the resources to cover absences resulting from staff illness or emergency, while the same scenario could cause a lapse in your care when you use an independent contractor or skilled facility.

How to make Aroga your Home care Agency:

Making Aroga your loved ones' chosen Home Care Agency is only a few steps away! Aroga Home Care Services is your go-to highly reputable home care agency provider, located at 7731 Little Ave, Charlotte, NC 28226. Make the first step in helping your loved one by contacting Aroga today and requesting a professional home care adviser consultation. www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

The Benefits of an In-home Caregiver

In-home caregivers are beneficial in an abundance of ways. As your loved ones continue to age, you may have observed some changes or even declines in your loved one's ability to care for themselves. If you find yourself asking your loved one if they took their daily medications today, maybe you observed your family member has been mishandling their financials, or you noticed your loved one has been falling a lot more than usual, then it is a great time to look at Aroga for in-home caregiver services. 

As mom and dad get older, so does their risk of falling. Falls/slips play a hefty role in senior citizens' injury rates. Specifically, an elderly person is 5xs more likely to fall in a nursing home facility as opposed to home caregiver services. Additionally, in-home caregivers are more attentive to your loved one's everyday needs. Moreover, taking care of an aging loved one can oftentimes be a painful as well as stressful thing to endure. Having a home caregiver can decrease the anxiety and stress that stems from caring for your loved ones.  

Another reason in-home caregivers are impactful in your loved one's aging process is that: in- home caregivers promote independence and display dignity when interacting with your loved ones. Additionally, having a caregiver that provides home services is critical because caregivers can also be a companion to your loved ones. The interaction between a client and an in-home caregiver is critical in many ways. One lack of social interactions in senior citizens can lead to senior social isolation as well as a vast amount of other issues. 

Finally, in-home caregivers are necessary when it comes to healing. Studies have proven that patients recover at a much more accelerated pace when recovering in the comfort of their own homes. Not only does being at home provide a sense of security, but also provides a sense of love and belonging. Both of which are basic human needs. 

Aroga Home Care Services is your go to 5-star rated private duty skilled caregiver agency in the greater Charlotte area. Contact us today and request a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: Aroga Home Care

Eating Challenges

Whether it’s to stay healthy, in social gatherings with friends, or as an expression of our creativity, food is central to our days and happiness. Most people have food-related stories around their social events or holidays. However, as we age, sometimes that joy is diminished by our body’s decreased capacity to intake nutrients, mechanical issues with chewing and digestion, and a declining sense
of taste. 

When eating is no longer enjoyable, it can be tempting to skip eating or to choose foods that are quick and easier to prepare. Unfortunately, our loved ones do not have the luxury of pursuing these simpler, and less healthy, choices while maintaining their health. Malnutrition is a gateway to weakness, loss of muscle strength, wounds that don’t heal as quickly, and reduced mental capacity. One study noted that over 43% of older patients admitted to intensive care were malnourished and that they were more likely to have complications and longer hospital stays than other patients.

It’s important to watch out for things that might cause your loved one to eschew a healthy eating style: Medications can impair smell and taste, making food seem less appetizing. Conditions which affect the teeth or mouth can make chewing and swallowing difficult. Arthritis can make holding a fork or knife painful leading to an over-reliance on snack and finger foods. Losing their partner, and the subsequent depression and feelings of isolation, can remove the desire to prepare a meal for just themselves. Reduced income may mean that choices must be made between quality foods and other living costs. Physicians are rarely as well trained in nutrition and may treat the symptoms of malnutrition with drugs and therapy, without realizing that the cause could easily be remedied with a better diet.

Meal Services 

If you are not nearby to monitor your loved ones’ eating habits, it might be worth looking into a service such as Meals on Wheels where they will bring healthy foods to your older adult and, at the same time, look in on whether they seem to be eating what is brought. A side benefit is that often the people who bring the meals will sit with your loved one for a snack or chat, adding a social component to the nutritional one.

In order to stay ahead of malnutrition challenges, encourage your older adult to follow these guidelines:

• Eat whole foods that offer a lot of nutrients without extra calories such as brightly colored fruits and vegetables, whole grains, dairy with added vitamin D and calcium, seafood and lean meats, eggs, beans nuts and seeds. 

• Avoid foods with empty calories such as those that are highly processed as well as soda and alcohol. 

• Choose foods that are lower in fat and not fried. 

• Drink plenty of liquids, especially water. 

• Reduce salt consumption and increase spices that add flavor to the foods. 

• Increase exercise of any kind as it can work to stimulate appetite.

What Nutrients are Most Beneficial
 

• B6 found in whole grains and
  organ meats 

• B12 found in lean meats and fish 

• Folate found in dark greens, beans
  and peas 

• Calcium and vitamin D found in dairy and dark green vegetables 

• Fiber found in beans and whole grains 

• Healthy fats found in avocado, nuts, seeds and fish 

• Potassium found in bananas, potatoes and yogurt

If your loved one simply has a small appetite, you can help them add calories and nutrition without adding bulk by introducing sauces or gravies and/or grated cheese to dishes. Stirring powdered milk into dishes can add calcium. Adding honey, molasses or maple syrup to their breakfast cereal can help raise their blood sugar. Adding wheat germ to cereals and baked goods can increase the nutritional value without adding bulk. Additionally, consider suggesting more small meals during the day instead of a couple of larger ones that can be overwhelming to both prepare and to eat. 

It helps to make sure that your loved one is following a regular schedule for meals so that it is as simple as looking at a clock to know that it is time to eat. If they don’t remember to look at clocks, find a calendar or app that will sound an alarm for breakfast, lunch, snacks and dinner. Also, encourage them to find a friend or neighbor to share meals with several times a week. Social eating can be an encouragement to stay healthy.

Aroga Home Care Services is your go to 5-star rated private duty skilled caregiver agency in the greater Charlotte area. Contact us today and request a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: ClearCare, WebMD, US National Library of Medicine

Games For Health

Does your loved one like to play games? Were they competitive in their younger years? Just because they might be at a diminished mental or physical capacity does not mean that they can’t participate in competitive activities now. 

Being happily engaged in games or activities has many health benefits for your older adult. It can reduce agitation, anxiety, depression and anger. It can give them a sense of purpose and a feeling of being successful at something. Participating with you or other loved ones provides them social time and can encourage conversation. A game is an easy way to involve other family members who might be struggling with how to interact with their older relatives.

Some activities and games to explore with your loved one might include:

A home-made puzzle. Print a copy of their favorite family photo or vacation location. Laminate the photo and cut it into four or more puzzle piece shapes. Multiple photos can be stored in separate baggies for variety. Choose puzzles with more pieces on days they seem especially sharp and ones with fewer for the days they are feeling challenged.
Help them succeed. 

Bean bag toss. This can be done either standing or sitting but is a fun game for your older adult to play with grandchildren. You can put pieces of paper on the floor with points for the easiest version or use plastic dog bowls with points written on them in permanent marker for a slightly more challenging target. 

Cards. Purchase large print playing cards and perhaps a card holder. Games like Solitaire, Go Fish, Blackjack, Crazy Eights, Gin Rummy, or War are wonderful for someone in early dementia. Someone in late-stage dementia might simply enjoy shuffling or separating the cards by color or suit. If they seem overwhelmed by the quantity of cards, remove some before starting your games to make them easier to handle. 

Indoor golf. If your loved one used to golf and is unable to get out on the course any longer, consider an indoor putting mat. It can be used either from a sitting or standing position. For an older adult with dementia, the muscle memory might still be there. If they tend to throw items, ensure that the putter and ball are of softer or foam materials to reduce in-home damage. Monitor the activity for frustration and try to redirect to a new activity if it seems
too challenging. 

Bingo. This can be done at home or find a local senior center that offers this activity for more social interaction for your loved one. 

Checkers. Use a larger board and pieces if small motor movements are difficult.

​​Do Memory Games Work? 

At some point in your research for activities for your older adult, you will find organizations that tout memory games for preventing Alzheimer’s. While there is no solid evidence that these games help prevent the disease, they can help provide mental and social stimulation which can be helpful in the moment and can help slow the progression. 

Any activity which inspires social interaction creates happiness, which is beneficial no matter what age-related challenges your loved one might be suffering. 

Challenging our brains in new ways will create new neural pathways and strengthen existing ones, helping us to be more flexible when faced with mental or physical challenges.

​​Some ideas for memory or brain games that can help include: 

• Crossword Puzzles 

• Sudoku Puzzles

• Memory Card Games

• Jigsaw Puzzles

• Online games such as those provided by Lumosity.com

​​Since these sorts of games can also result in frustration if they are beyond the capacity of the person playing them, monitor your loved one closely and suggest a different game or activity if they are struggling.

​​Online Games 

Many popular games also have online versions if you do not have family members available to engage with your loved one. Find versions for your older adult to put on their tablet or computer that have larger fonts, fewer rules and easy-to understand interfaces. If possible, set one up as an icon on the main screen of their device so that it is easy to access. 

If sitting up straight is something that your loved one’s medical team is working on, consider purchasing one of many tablet or cell phone holders that brings the device up to eye level so that your loved one is not hunched over for extended periods to play their favorite
digital games.

Aroga Home Care Services is your go to 5-star rated private duty skilled caregiver agency in the greater Charlotte area. Contact us today and request a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: ClearCare, Daily Caring

Aqua Therapy

Falls are the main reason for injuries in older adults and rank as the second largest reason for unintentional fatal injuries. Aquatic exercise and therapy can be key to combating these risks. It allows our loved ones to work on balance and improve bone density through weight resistance in an environment that reduces the risk of falling.

​​Whether you enroll your loved one in an aqua-aerobics class, participate in a medically prescribed aqua-therapy session, or just work with them to create water fun, the benefits of working out in the water are myriad.

Water creates resistance to help build muscle mass which, in turn, increases bone density and reduces the incidence of broken bones. Care should be taken when entering or leaving the pool or spa. It helps if you choose a warm water environment. While it doesn’t need to be bathwater warm, it reduces shock and stress to the system to choose a pool or spa that heats its water to make it easier to enter and less intensive to warm up the muscles.

Some Exercises to Get Started Water Walking

You do not need to set your loved one up with a complex routine of exercises. Many of the onland falls happen while they are simply walking from one place to another. Water walking is a great way to work and strengthen those specific muscles. Have them wade in about waist deep then simply walk around as they would out of the water; swing their arms, keep their back straight, and try to walk normally (heel to toe). For added intensity, have them walk backwards or increase the speed. Jogging in place works well, too.

Sidestepping

Closely related to water walking, sidestepping will help create lateral stability for your older adult. Have them hold the wall and take sideways steps with their toes facing the wall. They might favor going in the direction of their dominant or stronger leg and should be encouraged to go in the opposite direction too. 

Arm Circles

Have your senior stand near a wall submerged to their shoulders, with one foot in front of the other for balance. They can then raise their arms to the side and make circle motions under the water. Aim for fifteen on each side then reverse the direction of the circle. 

Wall Chair

With your loved one standing in a corner of the pool in chest-deep water, have them face the center of the pool and hold onto the wall with their hands or bent elbows. From here, have them try to lift their legs extended straight or bend knees toward their chest. This is a good exercise for core muscles. A modified version can be done with them facing the wall and bringing their bent knees up if they are uncomfortable with the grip behind their back. 

Leg Swings

Standing in waist-deep water, have your loved one hold the edge of the pool with one hand and swing their outside leg forward paralleling the wall for five or more seconds and then backwards for the same amount of time. The goal would be 10 to 15 reps per leg.

Before Starting Any Exercise Program 

People with high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, or breathing disorders should limit the exercises to ones done with the water waist deep. Deeper water can cause undue stress on the cardiovascular system. Always talk with your loved one’s physician to determine if there are any risks or limitations.

Aroga Home Care Services is your go to 5-star rated private duty skilled caregiver agency in the greater Charlotte area. Contact us today and request a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: ClearCare, Source: American Senior Communities, American Physical Therapy Association, Alternatives for Seniors, Fit to Function Kinesiology, Aging Care

Activities For Seniors

Children aren’t the only ones who pipe up with “I’m bored. There’s nothing to do.” Our older family members often feel the same way. As we age, the things that interested us in our younger years either have long since been conquered or we are simply unable to do those things with the same aptitude. Sometimes our loved ones are simply too tired to come up with new activities that suit their current stage
in life.

Did you know that creative activities can help people battling serious illnesses to decrease negativity and stress? Improving health is a great reason to suggest your loved one find hobbies and activities that might lift their spirits.

​​Activities you can suggest might include:

Reading or listening to audiobooks. It’s a bonus for everyone if they can find a book club and interact with other readers either virtually or in-person. Ask them what their reading passions were as they grew up – fiction, non-fiction, biography, how-to, science fiction…

Cooking and baking. Get the grandchildren involved in a baking extravaganza to learn some of grandma or grandpa’s favorite recipes. Make sure someone writes them down as we all know of the infamous “it’s all in my head” comments from our favorite home chefs. A cookbook from grandma might be a great gift next year.

​​Birdwatching. This can be as passive as simply watching the birds or as active as taking a walk and documenting the birds. If this is of interest, bookmark the National Audubon Society as a reference.

Knitting, crocheting, and quilting. These are all fun activities if your loved one still has dexterity in their hands. It’s also a perfect way for older adults on a limited budget to create gifts that will be cherished for years.

Gardening. There are many ways to adapt growing a garden to suit the mobility level of your older adult – from simply getting out in the existing garden, to building raised beds to eliminate the kneeling and stooping, to creating smaller window planters that can be tended inside or outside the home.

Playing an instrument. Whether or not they played an instrument in their youth, learning or improving on musical skills are great for the mind and soul. Consider that even the voice is an instrument if they would just like to sing along to their favorite songs. Set up a favorites list on a streaming app and let them belt it out.

Drawing, coloring, painting, and sculpture. If your loved one has a creative streak, encourage them to embrace one of these outlets. Help them acquire the necessary tools and set up a space in their home for them to easily work on their projects.

Recounting memories. Find ways in which your loved one can share their memories, either with you or with younger family members. Fun projects might be scrapbooks, photo albums, recipe books, or simply storytelling time that can be documented either in audio or video.

Playing games or doing puzzles. These can be done alone or with someone and in physical or virtual formats.

​​Television watching. While not a stimulating activity all on its own, it might be a great avenue to inspire your loved one into a new hobby. Encourage things like cooking shows, documentaries, travel channels, or DIY shows. Monitor that they are not falling into the trap of mindlessly watching whatever is in front of them.

Aroga Home Care Services is your go to 5-star rated private duty skilled caregiver agency in the greater Charlotte area. Contact us today and request a professional home care adviser consultation.  www.ArogaHomeCare.com or call 704-319-5500

Content Credits: ClearCare